From: Gerd Moellmann Date: Wed, 16 Aug 2000 19:55:18 +0000 (+0000) Subject: *** empty log message *** X-Git-Tag: emacs-pretest-21.0.90~2247 X-Git-Url: http://git.eshelyaron.com/gitweb/?a=commitdiff_plain;h=d7b38c055082443c835c7214258fbc8ba0694050;p=emacs.git *** empty log message *** --- diff --git a/etc/ChangeLog b/etc/ChangeLog index b3956e9e837..93efc8dc5ee 100644 --- a/etc/ChangeLog +++ b/etc/ChangeLog @@ -1,5 +1,7 @@ 2000-08-16 Gerd Moellmann + * dired-ref.tex, dired-ref.ps: New files. + * refcard-de.tex, refcard-de.ps: New files. 2000-07-20 Gerd Moellmann diff --git a/etc/NEWS b/etc/NEWS index fd888b1cdff..b8eacecc9bf 100644 --- a/etc/NEWS +++ b/etc/NEWS @@ -29,6 +29,13 @@ support 64-bit executables. See etc/MACHINES for instructions. * Changes in Emacs 21.1 +** Polish and German translations of Emacs' reference card have been +added. They are named `refcard-pl.tex' and `refcard-de.tex'. +Postscript files are included. + +** A reference card for Dired has been added. Its name is +`dired-ref.tex'. + ** The new variable `auto-mode-interpreter-regexp' contains a regular expression matching interpreters, for file mode determination. diff --git a/etc/dired-ref.ps b/etc/dired-ref.ps new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..6bed26542a8 --- /dev/null +++ b/etc/dired-ref.ps @@ -0,0 +1,486 @@ +%!PS-Adobe-2.0 +%%Creator: dvips(k) 5.86 Copyright 1999 Radical Eye Software +%%Title: dired-ref.dvi +%%Pages: 1 +%%PageOrder: Ascend +%%BoundingBox: 0 0 596 842 +%%EndComments +%DVIPSWebPage: (www.radicaleye.com) +%DVIPSCommandLine: dvips -o dired-ref.ps dired-ref +%DVIPSParameters: dpi=360, compressed +%DVIPSSource: TeX output 2000.08.16:2145 +%%BeginProcSet: texc.pro +%! +/TeXDict 300 dict def TeXDict begin/N{def}def/B{bind def}N/S{exch}N/X{S +N}B/A{dup}B/TR{translate}N/isls false N/vsize 11 72 mul N/hsize 8.5 72 +mul N/landplus90{false}def/@rigin{isls{[0 landplus90{1 -1}{-1 1}ifelse 0 +0 0]concat}if 72 Resolution div 72 VResolution div neg scale isls{ 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+b(mark)o(ed)g(\014les)g(b)o(y)h(regexp)403 b Fa(\045)21 +b(C)1120 2147 y Fd(rename)12 b(mark)o(ed)g(\014les)h(b)o(y)h(regexp)354 +b Fa(\045)21 b(R)1120 2195 y Fd(hardlink)762 b Fa(\045)21 +b(H)1120 2242 y Fd(symlink)773 b Fa(\045)21 b(S)1120 +2290 y Fd(symlink,)12 b(with)i(relativ)o(e)f(paths)400 +b Fa(\045)21 b(Y)1120 2338 y Fd(mark)13 b(for)h(deletion)597 +b Fa(\045)21 b(d)1120 2418 y Fb(Dired)g(and)j(Find)1120 +2488 y Fd(dired)12 b(\014le\(s\))i(whose)f(name)g(matc)o(hes)f(a)j +(pattern)p Fa(M-x)22 b(find-names-dired)1120 2536 y Fd(dired)12 +b(\014le\(s\))i(that)g(con)o(tain)g(pattern)217 b Fa(M-x)22 +b(find-grep-dired)1120 2584 y Fd(dired)12 b(\014le\(s\))i(based)f(on)g +Fa(find)i Fd(output)207 b Fa(M-x)22 b(find-dired)954 +3362 y Fd(1)p eop +%%Trailer +end +userdict /end-hook known{end-hook}if +%%EOF diff --git a/etc/dired-ref.tex b/etc/dired-ref.tex new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..e32bc7ee332 --- /dev/null +++ b/etc/dired-ref.tex @@ -0,0 +1,396 @@ +% Reference Card for Dired +% Copyright (C) 2000 Free Software Foundation, Inc. + +% This file is part of GNU Emacs. + +% GNU Emacs is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify +% it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by +% the Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option) +% any later version. + +% GNU Emacs is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, +% but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of +% MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the +% GNU General Public License for more details. + +% You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License +% along with GNU Emacs; see the file COPYING. If not, write to +% the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, +% Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA. + +% This file can be printed with 1, 2, or 3 columns per page (see below). +% Specify how many you want here. Nothing else needs to be changed. +%**start of header + +\newcount\columnsperpage + +\columnsperpage=2 + +% This file is intended to be processed by plain TeX (TeX82). +% The reference card looks OK with 2 columns per page, portrait mode. +% I haven't tried it with 3 columns per page. + +% This is a bit of a dirty hack on the GNU Emacs reference card +% to produce a Dired reference card instead. + +% I (Evgeny Roubinchtein, eroubinc@u.washington.edu) put this together +% because I wanted a Dired reference card, +% but couldn't find anything on the 'net. +% Based mostly off Dired's describe-mode. + + +\def\versionnumber{0.1} +\def\year{2000} +\def\version{May \year\ v\versionnumber} + +\def\shortcopyrightnotice{\vskip 1ex plus 2 fill + \centerline{\small \copyright\ \year\ Free Software Foundation, Inc. + Permissions on back. v\versionnumber}} + +\def\copyrightnotice{ +\vskip 1ex plus 2 fill\begingroup\small +\centerline{Copyright \copyright\ \year\ Free Software Foundation, Inc.} +\centerline{designed by Stephen Gildea, \version} +\centerline{for GNU Emacs version 19 on Unix systems} +\centerline{Updated for Dired in May 200 by Evgeny Roubinchtein} + +Permission is granted to make and distribute copies of +this card provided the copyright notice and this permission notice +are preserved on all copies. + +For copies of the GNU Emacs manual, write to the Free Software +Foundation, Inc., 675 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge MA 02139. + +\endgroup} + +% make \bye not \outer so that the \def\bye in the \else clause below +% can be scanned without complaint. +\def\bye{\par\vfill\supereject\end} + +\newdimen\intercolumnskip %horizontal space between columns +\newbox\columna %boxes to hold columns already built +\newbox\columnb + +\def\ncolumns{\the\columnsperpage} + +\message{[\ncolumns\space + column\if 1\ncolumns\else s\fi\space per page]} + +\def\scaledmag#1{ scaled \magstep #1} + +% This multi-way format was designed by Stephen Gildea October 1986. +% Note that the 1-column format is fontfamily-independent. +\if 1\ncolumns %one-column format uses normal size + \hsize 4in + \vsize 10in + \voffset -.7in + \font\titlefont=\fontname\tenbf \scaledmag3 + \font\headingfont=\fontname\tenbf \scaledmag2 + \font\smallfont=\fontname\sevenrm + \font\smallsy=\fontname\sevensy + + \footline{\hss\folio} + \def\makefootline{\baselineskip10pt\hsize6.5in\line{\the\footline}} +\else %2 or 3 columns uses prereduced size + \hsize 3.4in + \vsize 7.95in + \hoffset -.75in + \voffset -.745in + \font\titlefont=cmbx10 \scaledmag2 + \font\headingfont=cmbx10 \scaledmag1 + \font\smallfont=cmr6 + \font\smallsy=cmsy6 + \font\eightrm=cmr8 + \font\eightbf=cmbx8 + \font\eightit=cmti8 + \font\eighttt=cmtt8 + \font\eightmi=cmmi8 + \font\eightsy=cmsy8 + \textfont0=\eightrm + \textfont1=\eightmi + \textfont2=\eightsy + \def\rm{\eightrm} + \def\bf{\eightbf} + \def\it{\eightit} + \def\tt{\eighttt} + \normalbaselineskip=.8\normalbaselineskip + \normallineskip=.8\normallineskip + \normallineskiplimit=.8\normallineskiplimit + \normalbaselines\rm %make definitions take effect + + \if 2\ncolumns + \let\maxcolumn=b + \footline{\hss\rm\folio\hss} + \def\makefootline{\vskip 2in \hsize=6.86in\line{\the\footline}} + \else \if 3\ncolumns + \let\maxcolumn=c + \nopagenumbers + \else + \errhelp{You must set \columnsperpage equal to 1, 2, or 3.} + \errmessage{Illegal number of columns per page} + \fi\fi + + \intercolumnskip=.46in + \def\abc{a} + \output={% %see The TeXbook page 257 + % This next line is useful when designing the layout. + %\immediate\write16{Column \folio\abc\space starts with \firstmark} + \if \maxcolumn\abc \multicolumnformat \global\def\abc{a} + \else\if a\abc + \global\setbox\columna\columnbox \global\def\abc{b} + %% in case we never use \columnb (two-column mode) + \global\setbox\columnb\hbox to -\intercolumnskip{} + \else + \global\setbox\columnb\columnbox \global\def\abc{c}\fi\fi} + \def\multicolumnformat{\shipout\vbox{\makeheadline + \hbox{\box\columna\hskip\intercolumnskip + \box\columnb\hskip\intercolumnskip\columnbox} + \makefootline}\advancepageno} + \def\columnbox{\leftline{\pagebody}} + + \def\bye{\par\vfill\supereject + \if a\abc \else\null\vfill\eject\fi + \if a\abc \else\null\vfill\eject\fi + \end} +\fi + +% we won't be using math mode much, so redefine some of the characters +% we might want to talk about +\catcode`\^=12 +\catcode`\_=12 + +\chardef\\=`\\ +\chardef\{=`\{ +\chardef\}=`\} + +\hyphenation{mini-buf-fer} +\hyphenation{de-le-tion} + +\parindent 0pt +\parskip 1ex plus .5ex minus .5ex + +\def\small{\smallfont\textfont2=\smallsy\baselineskip=.8\baselineskip} + +% newcolumn - force a new column. Use sparingly, probably only for +% the first column of a page, which should have a title anyway. +\outer\def\newcolumn{\vfill\eject} + +% title - page title. Argument is title text. +\outer\def\title#1{{\titlefont\centerline{#1}}\vskip 1ex plus .5ex} + +% section - new major section. Argument is section name. +\outer\def\section#1{\par\filbreak + \vskip 3ex plus 2ex minus 2ex {\headingfont #1}\mark{#1}% + \vskip 2ex plus 1ex minus 1.5ex} + +\newdimen\keyindent + +% beginindentedkeys...endindentedkeys - key definitions will be +% indented, but running text, typically used as headings to group +% definitions, will not. +\def\beginindentedkeys{\keyindent=1em} +\def\endindentedkeys{\keyindent=0em} +\endindentedkeys + +% paralign - begin paragraph containing an alignment. +% If an \halign is entered while in vertical mode, a parskip is never +% inserted. Using \paralign instead of \halign solves this problem. +\def\paralign{\vskip\parskip\halign} + +% \<...> - surrounds a variable name in a code example +\def\<#1>{{\it #1\/}} + +% kbd - argument is characters typed literally. Like the Texinfo command. +\def\kbd#1{{\tt#1}\null} %\null so not an abbrev even if period follows + +% beginexample...endexample - surrounds literal text, such a code example. +% typeset in a typewriter font with line breaks preserved +\def\beginexample{\par\leavevmode\begingroup + \obeylines\obeyspaces\parskip0pt\tt} +{\obeyspaces\global\let =\ } +\def\endexample{\endgroup} + +% key - definition of a key. +% \key{description of key}{key-name} +% prints the description left-justified, and the key-name in a \kbd +% form near the right margin. +\def\key#1#2{\leavevmode\hbox to \hsize{\vtop + {\hsize=.75\hsize\rightskip=1em + \hskip\keyindent\relax#1}\kbd{#2}\hfil}} + +\newbox\metaxbox +\setbox\metaxbox\hbox{\kbd{M-x }} +\newdimen\metaxwidth +\metaxwidth=\wd\metaxbox + +% metax - definition of a M-x command. +% \metax{description of command}{M-x command-name} +% Tries to justify the beginning of the command name at the same place +% as \key starts the key name. (The "M-x " sticks out to the left.) +\def\metax#1#2{\leavevmode\hbox to \hsize{\hbox to .75\hsize + {\hskip\keyindent\relax#1\hfil}% + \hskip -\metaxwidth minus 1fil + \kbd{#2}\hfil}} + +% threecol - like "key" but with two key names. +% for example, one for doing the action backward, and one for forward. +\def\threecol#1#2#3{\hskip\keyindent\relax#1\hfil&\kbd{#2}\hfil\quad + &\kbd{#3}\hfil\quad\cr} + +% I cannot figure out how to make all dired-x +% commands fit on a page in two-column format +\def\dx{\bf (DX)} + +%**end of header + + +\title{Dired Reference Card} + +\centerline{(based on Dired in GNU Emacs 20.x)} +\centerline{Commands marked with \dx{} require dired-x} + +% trim this down to fit everything on one page +% \section{General} +% In dired, you can edit a list of the files in a directory (and optionally +% its subdirectories in the `ls -lR' format). + +% Editing a directory means that you can visit, rename, copy, compress, +% load, byte-compile files. You can change files' attributes, run shell +% commands on files, or insert subdirectories into the edit buffer. You can +% "flag" files for deletion or "mark" files for later commands, either one +% file at a time or by all files matching certain criteria (e.g., files that +% match a certain regexp). + +% You move throughout the buffer using the usual cursor motion commands. +% Letters no longer insert themselves, but execute commands instead. The +% digits (0-9) are prefix arguments. + +% Most commands operate either on all marked files or on the current file if +% no files are marked. Use a numeric prefix argument to operate on the next +% ARG files (or previous ARG if ARG $<$ 0). Use the prefix argument `1' to +% operate on the current file only. Prefix arguments override marks. Commands +% which run a sub-process on a group of files will display a list of files +% for which the sub-process failed. Typing y will try to tell +% you what went wrong. + +% When editing several directories in one buffer, each directory acts as a +% page, so C-x [ and C-x ] can be used to move between directories. + +\section{Entering and Exiting Dired} + +\key{run dired}{C-x d} +\key{dired the directory of the file you are editing}{C-x C-j\dx} +\key{quit dired}{q} + +\section{Motion Commands} + +\key{move up to previous line}{p} +\key{move down to next line}{n} +\key{move up to previous directory line}{<} +\key{move down to next directory line}{>} +\key{move to next marked file}{M-\}} +\key{move to previous marked file}{M-\{} +\key{move up to previous subdirectory}{M-C-p} +\key{move down to next subdirectory}{M-C-n} +\key{move to parent directory}{^} +\key{move to first child subdirectory}{M-C-d} + +\section{Mouse Commands} +\metax{visit file}{Mouse_Button_2} +\metax{popup menu}{Control-Mouse_Button_3} + +\section{Immediate Actions on Files} + +\key{visit current file}{f} +\key{view current file}{v} +\key{visit current file in other window}{o} +\key{visit current file in other frame}{w} +\key{display current file}{C-u o} +\key{create a new subdirectory}{+} +\key{compare file at point with the one at mark}{=} + +\section{Marking and Unmarking Files} + +\key{mark a file or subdirectory for later commands}{m} +\key{unmark a file or all files of a subdirectory}{u} +\key{unmark all marked files in a buffer}{M-delete} +\key{mark files with a given extension}{* .} +\key{mark all directories}{* /} +\key{mark all symlinks}{* @} +\key{mark all executables}{* *} +\key{invert marking}{* t} +\key{mark all files in the current subdir}{* s} +\key{mark file names matching a regular expression}{* \%} +\key{change the marks to a different character}{* c} +\key{mark files for which Elisp expression returns t}{* (\dx} + +\section{Getting Help} + +\key{dired help}{h} +\key{dired summary(short help) and error log}{?} + +\section{Commands on Files Marked or Specified by the Prefix} + +\key{copy file(s)}{C} +\key{rename a file or move files to another directory}{R} +\key{change ownership of file(s)}{O} +\key{change the group of the file(s)}{G} +\key{change mode of file(s)}{M} +\key{print file(s)}{P} +\key{convert filename(s) to lower case}{\% l} +\key{convert filename(s) to upper case}{\% u} +\key{delete marked (as opposed to flagged) files}{X} +\key{uuencode or uudecode file(s)}{U} +\key{compress or uncompress file(s)}{Z} +\key{run info on file}{I\dx} +\key{make symbolic link(s)}{S} +\key{make relative symbolic links}{Y} +\key{make hard link(s)}{H} +\key{search files for a regular expression}{A} +\key{query replace regular expression}{Q} +\key{byte-compile files}{B} +\key{load files}{L} +\key{shell command on file(s)}{!} + +\section{Flagging Files for Deletion} +\leftline{\bf Unmark commands remove delete flags} +\key{flag file for deletion}{d} +\key{backup and remove deletion flag}{delete} +\key{flag all backup files (file names ending in \~{})}{\~{}} +\key{flag all auto-save files}{\#} +\key{flag various intermediate files}{\&} +\key{flag numeric backups (ending in .\~{}1\~{}, .\~{}2\~{}, etc.)}{.} +\key{execute the deletions requested (flagged files)}{x} +\key{flag files matching a regular expression }{\% d} + +\section{Modifying the Dired Buffer} + +\key{insert a subdirectory into this buffer}{i} +\key{remove marked files from the listing}{k} +\key{remove a subdir listing}{C-u k} +\key{re-read all directories (retains all marks)}{g} +\key{toggle sorting of current subdir by name/date}{s} +\key{edit ls switches }{C-u s} +\key{recover marks, hidden lines, and such}{C-_} +\key{hide all subdirectories}{M-\$} +\key{hide or unhide subdirectory}{\$} + +\section{Regular Expression Commands} + +\key{mark filenames matching a regular expression}{\% m} +\key{copy marked files by regexp}{\% C} +\key{rename marked files by regexp}{\% R} +\key{hardlink}{\% H} +\key{symlink}{\% S} +\key{symlink, with relative paths}{\% Y} +\key{mark for deletion}{\% d} + +\section{Dired and Find} +\metax{dired file(s) whose name matches a pattern}{M-x find-names-dired} +\metax{dired file(s) that contain pattern}{M-x find-grep-dired} +\metax{dired file(s) based on \kbd{find} output}{M-x find-dired} + +%\copyrightnotice + +\bye + diff --git a/etc/refcard-de.ps b/etc/refcard-de.ps new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..cc5696c6b97 --- /dev/null +++ b/etc/refcard-de.ps @@ -0,0 +1,879 @@ +%!PS-Adobe-2.0 +%%Creator: dvips(k) 5.86 Copyright 1999 Radical Eye Software +%%Title: refcard-de.dvi +%%Pages: 3 +%%PageOrder: Ascend +%%BoundingBox: 0 0 596 842 +%%EndComments +%DVIPSWebPage: (www.radicaleye.com) +%DVIPSCommandLine: dvips -o refcard-de.ps refcard-de.dvi +%DVIPSParameters: dpi=360, compressed +%DVIPSSource: TeX output 2000.08.16:2131 +%%BeginProcSet: texc.pro +%! +/TeXDict 300 dict def TeXDict begin/N{def}def/B{bind def}N/S{exch}N/X{S +N}B/A{dup}B/TR{translate}N/isls false N/vsize 11 72 mul N/hsize 8.5 72 +mul N/landplus90{false}def/@rigin{isls{[0 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Nothing else needs to be changed. + +\columnsperpage=2 + +% Copyright (c) 1987, 1993, 1996, 2000 Free Software Foundation, Inc. + +% This file is part of GNU Emacs. + +% GNU Emacs is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify +% it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by +% the Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option) +% any later version. + +% GNU Emacs is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, +% but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of +% MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the +% GNU General Public License for more details. + +% You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License +% along with GNU Emacs; see the file COPYING. If not, write to +% the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, +% Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA. + +% This file is intended to be processed by plain TeX (TeX82). +% +% The final reference card has six columns, three on each side. +% This file can be used to produce it in any of three ways: +% 1 column per page +% produces six separate pages, each of which needs to be reduced to 80%. +% This gives the best resolution. +% 2 columns per page +% produces three already-reduced pages. +% You will still need to cut and paste. +% 3 columns per page +% produces two pages which must be printed sideways to make a +% ready-to-use 8.5 x 11 inch reference card. +% For this you need a dvi device driver that can print sideways. +% Which mode to use is controlled by setting \columnsperpage above. +% +% Author: +% Stephen Gildea +% Internet: gildea@mit.edu +% +% Thanks to Paul Rubin, Bob Chassell, Len Tower, and Richard Mlynarik +% for their many good ideas. + +% If there were room, it would be nice to see a section on Dired. + +\def\versionnumber{2.1} +\def\year{1996} +\def\version{March \year\ v\versionnumber} + +\def\shortcopyrightnotice{\vskip 1ex plus 2 fill + \centerline{\small \copyright\ \year\ Free Software Foundation, Inc. + Permissions on back. v\versionnumber}} + +\def\copyrightnotice{\vskip 1ex plus 2 fill\begingroup\small +\centerline{Copyright \copyright\ \year\ Free Software Foundation, Inc.} +\centerline{designed by Stephen Gildea, \version} +\centerline{for GNU Emacs version 19 on Unix systems} + +Permission is granted to make and distribute copies of +this card provided the copyright notice and this permission notice +are preserved on all copies. + + +\endgroup} + +% make \bye not \outer so that the \def\bye in the \else clause below +% can be scanned without complaint. +\def\bye{\par\vfill\supereject\end} + +\newdimen\intercolumnskip %horizontal space between columns +\newbox\columna %boxes to hold columns already built +\newbox\columnb + +\def\ncolumns{\the\columnsperpage} + +\message{[\ncolumns\space + column\if 1\ncolumns\else s\fi\space per page]} + +\def\scaledmag#1{ scaled \magstep #1} + +% This multi-way format was designed by Stephen Gildea October 1986. +% Note that the 1-column format is fontfamily-independent. +\if 1\ncolumns %one-column format uses normal size + \hsize 4in + \vsize 10in + \voffset -.7in + \font\titlefont=\fontname\tenbf \scaledmag3 + \font\headingfont=\fontname\tenbf \scaledmag2 + \font\smallfont=\fontname\sevenrm + \font\smallsy=\fontname\sevensy + + \footline{\hss\folio} + \def\makefootline{\baselineskip10pt\hsize6.5in\line{\the\footline}} +\else %2 or 3 columns uses prereduced size + \hsize 3.2in + \vsize 7.95in +% \hoffset -.75in + \hoffset -.82in +% \voffset -.745in + \voffset -.6in + \font\titlefont=cmbx10 \scaledmag2 + \font\headingfont=cmbx10 \scaledmag1 + \font\smallfont=cmr6 + \font\smallsy=cmsy6 + \font\eightrm=cmr8 + \font\eightbf=cmbx8 + \font\eightit=cmti8 + \font\eighttt=cmtt8 + \font\eightmi=cmmi8 + \font\eightsy=cmsy8 + \textfont0=\eightrm + \textfont1=\eightmi + \textfont2=\eightsy + \def\rm{\eightrm} + \def\bf{\eightbf} + \def\it{\eightit} + \def\tt{\eighttt} + \normalbaselineskip=.8\normalbaselineskip + \normallineskip=.8\normallineskip + \normallineskiplimit=.8\normallineskiplimit + \normalbaselines\rm %make definitions take effect + + \if 2\ncolumns + \let\maxcolumn=b + \footline{\hss\rm\folio\hss} + \def\makefootline{\vskip 2in \hsize=6.86in\line{\the\footline}} + \else \if 3\ncolumns + \let\maxcolumn=c + \nopagenumbers + \else + \errhelp{You must set \columnsperpage equal to 1, 2, or 3.} + \errmessage{Illegal number of columns per page} + \fi\fi + + \intercolumnskip=.46in + \def\abc{a} + \output={% %see The TeXbook page 257 + % This next line is useful when designing the layout. + %\immediate\write16{Column \folio\abc\space starts with \firstmark} + \if \maxcolumn\abc \multicolumnformat \global\def\abc{a} + \else\if a\abc + \global\setbox\columna\columnbox \global\def\abc{b} + %% in case we never use \columnb (two-column mode) + \global\setbox\columnb\hbox to -\intercolumnskip{} + \else + \global\setbox\columnb\columnbox \global\def\abc{c}\fi\fi} + \def\multicolumnformat{\shipout\vbox{\makeheadline + \hbox{\box\columna\hskip\intercolumnskip + \box\columnb\hskip\intercolumnskip\columnbox} + \makefootline}\advancepageno} + \def\columnbox{\leftline{\pagebody}} + + \def\bye{\par\vfill\supereject + \if a\abc \else\null\vfill\eject\fi + \if a\abc \else\null\vfill\eject\fi + \end} +\fi + +% we won't be using math mode much, so redefine some of the characters +% we might want to talk about +\catcode`\^=12 +\catcode`\_=12 + +\chardef\\=`\\ +\chardef\{=`\{ +\chardef\}=`\} + +\hyphenation{mini-buf-fer} + +\parindent 0pt +\parskip 1ex plus .5ex minus .5ex + +\def\small{\smallfont\textfont2=\smallsy\baselineskip=.8\baselineskip} + +% newcolumn - force a new column. Use sparingly, probably only for +% the first column of a page, which should have a title anyway. +\outer\def\newcolumn{\vfill\eject} + +% title - page title. Argument is title text. +\outer\def\title#1{{\titlefont\centerline{#1}}\vskip 1ex plus .5ex} + +% section - new major section. Argument is section name. +\outer\def\section#1{\par\filbreak + \vskip 3ex plus 2ex minus 2ex {\headingfont #1}\mark{#1}% + \vskip 2ex plus 1ex minus 1.5ex} + +\newdimen\keyindent + +% beginindentedkeys...endindentedkeys - key definitions will be +% indented, but running text, typically used as headings to group +% definitions, will not. +\def\beginindentedkeys{\keyindent=1em} +\def\endindentedkeys{\keyindent=0em} +\endindentedkeys + +% paralign - begin paragraph containing an alignment. +% If an \halign is entered while in vertical mode, a parskip is never +% inserted. Using \paralign instead of \halign solves this problem. +\def\paralign{\vskip\parskip\halign} + +% \<...> - surrounds a variable name in a code example +\def\<#1>{{\it #1\/}} + +% kbd - argument is characters typed literally. Like the Texinfo command. +\def\kbd#1{{\tt#1}\null} %\null so not an abbrev even if period follows + +% beginexample...endexample - surrounds literal text, such a code example. +% typeset in a typewriter font with line breaks preserved +\def\beginexample{\par\leavevmode\begingroup + \obeylines\obeyspaces\parskip0pt\tt} +{\obeyspaces\global\let =\ } +\def\endexample{\endgroup} + +% key - definition of a key. +% \key{description of key}{key-name} +% prints the description left-justified, and the key-name in a \kbd +% form near the right margin. +\def\key#1#2{\leavevmode\hbox to \hsize{\vtop + {\hsize=.75\hsize\rightskip=1em + \hskip\keyindent\relax#1}\kbd{#2}\hfil}} + +\newbox\metaxbox +\setbox\metaxbox\hbox{\kbd{M-x }} +\newdimen\metaxwidth +\metaxwidth=\wd\metaxbox + +% metax - definition of a M-x command. +% \metax{description of command}{M-x command-name} +% Tries to justify the beginning of the command name at the same place +% as \key starts the key name. (The "M-x " sticks out to the left.) +\def\metax#1#2{\leavevmode\hbox to \hsize{\hbox to .75\hsize + {\hskip\keyindent\relax#1\hfil}% + \hskip -\metaxwidth minus 1fil + \kbd{#2}\hfil}} + +% threecol - like "key" but with two key names. +% for example, one for doing the action backward, and one for forward. +\def\threecol#1#2#3{\hskip\keyindent\relax#1\hfil&\kbd{#2}\hfil\quad + &\kbd{#3}\hfil\quad\cr} + +%**end of header + + +\title{GNU Emacs Referenzkarte} + +%\centerline{(fuer version 19)} + +\section{Emacs Starten} + +Um GNU Emacs 19 zu starten, tippen Sie ein: \kbd{emacs} + +Um eine Datei fuers Editieren zu laden, lesen Sie unten weiter. + +\section{Emacs Verlassen} + +\key{Emacs pausieren lassen}{C-z} +\key{Emacs beenden}{C-x C-c} + +\section{Dateien} + +\key{Datei {\bf oeffnen} }{C-x C-f} +\key{Datei {\bf sichern} }{C-x C-s} +\key{{\bf alle} Dateien sichern}{C-x s} +\key{den Inhalt einer anderen Datei {\bf einfuegen}}{C-x i} +\key{diese Datei durch eine andere ersetzen}{C-x C-v} +\key{Datei neu anlegen und speichern}{C-x C-w} +\key{version control ein/auschecken}{C-x C-q} + +\section{Hilfe} + +Das Hilfesystem ist einfach zu bedienen. Tippen Sie \kbd{C-h} (oder \kbd{F1}). Neulinge tippen \kbd{C-h t} um ein {\bf tutorial} zu starten. + +\key{Hilfe Fenster entfernen}{C-x 1} +\key{Hilfe Fenster scrollen}{C-M-v} + +\key{apropos: zeigt alle Befehle mit dem Muster}{C-h a} +\key{zeigt die Funktion mit dieser Tastenkomb.}{C-h c} +\key{beschreibt die Funktion}{C-h f} +\key{modusspezifische Information}{C-h m} + +\section{Was tun wenn nichts mehr geht} + +\key{{\bf Abbrechen} eines Vorgangs}{C-g} +\metax{{\bf Wiederherstellung} von Dateien}{M-x recover-file} +\key{{\bf rueckgaengig} machen}{C-x u} +\metax{Puffer in Ursprungszustand bringen}{M-x revert-buffer} +\key{Bildschirmanzeige in Ordnung bringen}{C-l} + +\section{Inkrementelle Suche} + +\key{Suche vorwaerts}{C-s} +\key{Suche rueckwaerts}{C-r} +\key{Suche mit regulaeren Ausdruecken}{C-M-s} +\key{Rueckwaertssuche mit reg. Ausdruecken}{C-M-r} +\key{letzten Suchausdruck auswaehlen}{M-p} +\key{spaeteren Suchausdruck auswaehlen}{M-n} +\key{inkrementelle Suche beenden}{RET} +\key{ein Suchzeichen zurueckgehen}{DEL} +\key{Suche abbrechen}{C-g} + +Wiederholtes Druecken von \kbd{C-s} oder \kbd{C-r} sucht weitere Treffer. +Wenn Emacs sucht, unterbricht \kbd{C-g} nur die jeweils letzte Suche. + +\shortcopyrightnotice + +\section{Cursor Bewegung} + +\paralign to \hsize{#\tabskip=10pt plus 1 fil&#\tabskip=0pt&#\cr +\threecol{{\bf Textteile ueberspringen}}{{\bf rueckw.}}{{\bf vorw.}} +\threecol{Zeichen}{C-b}{C-f} +\threecol{Wort}{M-b}{M-f} +\threecol{Zeile}{C-p}{C-n} +\threecol{zum Zeilenende springen}{C-a}{C-e} +\threecol{Satz}{M-a}{M-e} +\threecol{Paragraph}{M-\{}{M-\}} +\threecol{Seite}{C-x [}{C-x ]} +\threecol{Lisp-s-expression}{C-M-b}{C-M-f} +\threecol{Funktion}{C-M-a}{C-M-e} +\threecol{zum Pufferanfang (oder Ende)springen}{M-<}{M->} +} + +\key{eine Bildschirmseite runter scrollen}{C-v} +\key{eine Bildschirmseite hoch scrollen}{M-v} +\key{nach links scrollen}{C-x <} +\key{nach rechts scrollen}{C-x >} +\key{Cursorzeile in die Bildschirmmitte scrollen}{C-u C-l} + +\section{Loeschen} + +\paralign to \hsize{#\tabskip=10pt plus 1 fil&#\tabskip=0pt&#\cr +\threecol{{\bf Textteile }}{{\bf rueckwaerts}}{{\bf vorwaerts}} +\threecol{Zeichen (loeschen)}{DEL}{C-d} +\threecol{Wort}{M-DEL}{M-d} +\threecol{Zeile (bis zum Ende)}{M-0 C-k}{C-k} +\threecol{Satz}{C-x DEL}{M-k} +\threecol{Lisp-s-expression}{M-- C-M-k}{C-M-k} +} +\key{{\bf Bereiche} loeschen}{C-w} +\key{Bereich in die Ablage kopieren}{M-w} +\key{Bis zum {\it Zeichen} loeschen }{M-z {\it Zeichen}} +\key{letztes geloeschtes Zeichen einsetzen}{C-y} +\key{eins davor einsetzen}{M-y} + +\section{Markieren} + +\key{Marke setzen}{C-@ {\rm or} C-SPC} +\key{zwischen Cursor und Marke wechseln}{C-x C-x} +\key{Marke {\it Argument\/} {\bf Worte} entfernt setzen}{M-@} +\key{{\bf Paragraph} markieren}{M-h} +\key{{\bf Seite} markieren}{C-x C-p} +\key{{\bf Lisp-s-expression} markieren}{C-M-@} +\key{{\bf Funktion} markiern}{C-M-h} +\key{den ganzen {\bf Puffer} markieren}{C-x h} + +\section{Interaktives Ersetzen} + +\key{Zeichenkette interaktiv ersetzen}{M-\%} +\metax{mit regulaeren Ausdruecken}{M-x query-replace-regexp} + +Moegliche Antworten in diesem Modus: + +\key{dies {\bf ersetzten} und zum naechsten gehen}{SPC} +\key{dies ersetzen}{,} +\key{dies {\bf ueberspringen}, zum naechsten gehen}{DEL} +\key{alle verbleibenden Treffer ersetzen}{!} +\key{eine Ersetzung{\bf rueckgaengig} machen }{^} +\key{interaktiven Modus{\bf verlassen}}{RET} +\key{rekursiven Modus starten (\kbd{C-M-c} verlassen)}{C-r} + +\section{Mehrere Fenster} + +Die zweite Tastenk. bezieht sich immer auf das andere Fenster: + +\key{alle anderen Fenster in den Hintergrund}{C-x 1} + +{\setbox0=\hbox{\kbd{0}}\advance\hsize by 0\wd0 +\paralign to \hsize{#\tabskip=10pt plus 1 fil&#\tabskip=0pt&#\cr +\threecol{Fenster vertikal teilen}{C-x 2\ \ \ \ }{C-x 5 2} +\threecol{dieses Fenster loeschen}{C-x 0\ \ \ \ }{C-x 5 0} +}} +\key{Fenster horizontal teilen}{C-x 3} + +\key{das andere Fenster scrollen}{C-M-v} + +{\setbox0=\hbox{\kbd{0}}\advance\hsize by 2\wd0 +\paralign to \hsize{#\tabskip=10pt plus 1 fil&#\tabskip=0pt&#\cr +\threecol{ins andere Fenster wechseln}{C-x o}{C-x 5 o} + +\threecol{Puffer in ein anderes Fenster bringen}{C-x 4 b}{C-x 5 b} +\threecol{Puffer in einem anderen Fenster darstellen}{C-x 4 C-o}{C-x 5 C-o} +\threecol{Datei in ein anderes Fenster oeffnen}{C-x 4 f}{C-x 5 f} +\threecol{Datei im Ansichtmodus in anderem Fenster oeffnen}{C-x 4 r}{C-x 5 r} +\threecol{Dired in einem anderen Fenster oeffnen}{C-x 4 d}{C-x 5 d} +\threecol{Tag in einem anderen Fenster finden}{C-x 4 .}{C-x 5 .} +}} + +\key{Fenster vergroessern}{C-x ^} +\key{Fenster schmaler machen}{C-x \{} +\key{Fenster breiter machen}{C-x \}} + +\section{Formattierung} + +\key{{\bf Zeile} (modusabhaengig) einruecken}{TAB} +\key{{\bf Bereich} (modusabh.) einruecken}{C-M-\\} +\key{{\bf Lisp-s-expression} (modusabh.) einruecken}{C-M-q} +\key{Bereich {\it Argument\/} Spalten einruecken}{C-x TAB} +\key{Zeilenumbruch nach Cursor einfuegen}{C-o} +\key{Zeilenrest vertikal nach unten verschieben}{C-M-o} +\key{Leerzeilen um Cursorposition loeschen}{C-x C-o} +\key{Zeile mit letzter verbinden (Arg. naechster)}{M-^} +\key{Leerzeichen an Cursorposition loeschen}{M-\\} +\key{ein Leerzeichen an Cursorposition setzen}{M-SPC} +\key{Paragraph auffuellen}{M-q} +\key{Fuell Spalte setzen}{C-x f} +\key{Praefix setzen fuer jede Zeile}{C-x .} +\key{Zeichendarstellung setzen}{M-g} + +\section{Gross-Kleinbuchstaben} + +\key{Wort in Grossbuchstaben}{M-u} +\key{Wort in Kleinbuchstaben}{M-l} +\key{Word mit grossen Anfangsbuchstaben}{M-c} + +\key{Bereich in Grossbuchstaben}{C-x C-u} +\key{Bereich in Kleinbuchstaben}{C-x C-l} + +\section{Der Minipuffer} + +Die folgenden Tastenkombination gelten im Minipuffer: + +\key{so viel wie moeglich ergaenzen}{TAB} +\key{ein Wort ergaenzen}{SPC} +\key{ergaenzen und ausfuehren}{RET} +\key{moegliche Ergaenzungen zeigen}{?} +\key{letzte Eingabe wiederanzeigen}{M-p} +\key{spaetere Eingabe wiederanzeigen}{M-n} +\key{reg. Ausd. rueckwaerts in History suchen}{M-r} +\key{reg. Ausd. vorwaerts in History suchen}{M-s} +\key{Vorgang unterbrechen}{C-g} + +Tippen Sie \kbd{C-x ESC ESC} um den letzten Befehl zu editieren und zu wiederholen der im Minipuffer ausgefuehrt wurde. + +\newcolumn +\title{GNU Emacs Referenzkarte} + +\section{Puffer} + +\key{anderen Puffer auswaehlen}{C-x b} +\key{alle Puffer anzeigen}{C-x C-b} +\key{Puffer loeschen}{C-x k} + +\section{Vertauschen} + +\key{ {\bf Zeichen} vertauschen}{C-t} +\key{ {\bf Worte} vertauschen}{M-t} +\key{ {\bf Zeilen} vertauschen}{C-x C-t} +\key{ {\bf Lisp-s-expressions} vertauschen}{C-M-t} + +\section{Rechtschreibkorrrektur} + +\key{Ueberpruefe aktuelles Wort}{M-\$} +\metax{Ueberpruefe alle Woerter in Bereich}{M-x ispell-region} +\metax{Ueberpruefe den gesamten Bereich}{M-x ispell-buffer} + +\section{Tags} + +\key{Tag finden (Definition)}{M-.} +\key{Naechstes Vorkommen von Tag finden}{C-u M-.} +\metax{Neue Tags Datei angeben}{M-x visit-tags-table} +\metax{Regulaere Ausdruck Suche in Dateien}{M-x tags-search} +\metax{Interakt. Ersetzen in allen Dateien}{M-x tags-query-replace} +\key{Letzte Tag Suche oder Ersetzen nochmal}{M-,} + +\section{Shells} + +\key{Shell Kommando ausfuehren}{M-!} +\key{Shell Kommando fuer bereich ausfuehren}{M-|} +\key{Bereich durch Shell Kommando filtern}{C-u M-|} +\metax{Shell im Fenster \kbd{*shell*} starten}{M-x shell} + +\section{Rechtecke} + +\key{Kopiere Rechteck in Register}{C-x r r} +\key{Loesche Rechteck}{C-x r k} +\key{Rechteck einsetzen}{C-x r y} +\key{Rechteck aufmachen, Text nach rechts}{C-x r o} +\key{Rechteck mit Leerzeichen ueberschreiben}{C-x r c} +\key{Praefix vor jede Zeile setzen}{C-x r t} + +\section{Abkuerzungen} + +\key{globale Abkuerzung hinzufuegen}{C-x a g} +\key{modusabhaengige Abkuerzung hinzufuegen}{C-x a l} +\key{globale Expansion fuer Abk. definieren}{C-x a i g} +\key{modusabhaengige Abkuerzung definieren}{C-x a i l} +\key{explizites Expandieren}{C-x a e} +\key{letztes Wort dynamisch expandieren}{M-/} + +\section{Regulaere Ausdruecke} + +\key{jedes Zeichen ausser Zeilenumbruch}{. {\rm(Punkt)}} +\key{Null oder mehr Wiederholungen}{*} +\key{Eine oder mehr Wiederholungen}{+} +\key{Null oder eine Wiederholung}{?} +\key{jedes Zeichen in der Menge}{[ {\rm$\ldots$} ]} +\key{jedes Zeichen nicht in der Menge}{[^ {\rm$\ldots$} ]} +\key{Zeilenanfang}{^} +\key{Zeilenende}{\$} +\key{spezielles Zeichen maskieren {\it c\/}}{\\{\it c}} +\key{Alternative (``oder'')}{\\|} +\key{Gruppe}{\\( {\rm$\ldots$} \\)} +\key{{\it n\/}te Gruppe}{\\{\it n}} +\key{Pufferanfang}{\\`} +\key{Pufferende}{\\'} +\key{Wortzwischenraum}{\\b} +\key{Weder Anfang noch Ende eines Wortes}{\\B} +\key{Wortanfang}{\\<} +\key{Wortende}{\\>} +\key{jedes Wort-Syntax Zeichen}{\\w} +\key{jedes Nicht-Wort-Syntax Zeichen}{\\W} +\key{Zeichen mit Syntax {\it c}}{\\s{\it c}} +\key{Zeichen nicht mit Syntax {\it c}}{\\S{\it c}} + +\section{Register} + +\key{Region in Register speichern}{C-x r s} +\key{Register Inhalt in Puffer einfuegen}{C-x r i} +\key{Cursorposition in Register speichern}{C-x r SPC} +\key{Springe zur abgespeicherten Position}{C-x r j} + +\section{Info} + +\key{Info starten}{C-h i} +\beginindentedkeys + +Bewegung innerhalb eines Knotens: + +\key{vorwaerts scrollen}{SPC} +\key{rueckwaerts scrollen}{DEL} +\key{zum Anfang eines Knotens}{. {\rm (dot)}} + +Bewegung zwischen Knoten: + +\key{{\bf naechster} Knoten}{n} +\key{{\bf vorheriger} Knoten}{p} +\key{nach {\bf oben}}{u} +\key{Menue Element ueber Namen auswaehlen}{m} +\key{{\it n\/}ten Menueeintrag auswaehlen (1--9)}{{\it n}} +\key{Kreuzverweis folgen (zurueck mit \kbd{l})}{f} +\key{zurueck zum letzten gesehenen Knoten}{l} +\key{zurueck zum Verzeichnisknoten}{d} +\key{Knoten ueber Namen auswaehlen}{g} + +Sonstige: + +\key{Info {\bf Tutorial} starten}{h} +\key{Info Befehle zeigen}{?} +\key{Info {\bf verlassen} }{q} +\key{Knoten nach reg. Ausd. durchsuchen}{M-s} + +\endindentedkeys + +\section{Tastatur Makros} + +\key{Tastatur Makro Definition {\bf starten} }{C-x (} +\key{Tastatur Makro Definition {\bf beenden} }{C-x )} +\key{zuletzt definiertes Tast. Makro {\bf ausfuehren}}{C-x e} +\key{an letztes Tastatur Makro anhaengen}{C-u C-x (} +\metax{letztes Tastatur Makro benennen}{M-x name-last-kbd-macro} +\metax{Lisp Definition in Puffer einfuegen}{M-x insert-kbd-macro} + +\section{Kommandos fuer Emacs Lisp} + +\key{{\bf Lisp-s-expression} vor Cursor laden}{C-x C-e} +\key{aktuelle {\bf Definition} auswerten}{C-M-x} +\metax{{\bf Bereich} auswerten}{M-x eval-region} +\metax{gesamten {\bf Puffer} auswerten}{M-x eval-current-buffer} +\key{Lispausdruck im Minipuffer auswerten}{M-:} +\key{letztes Minipufferkommando auswerten}{C-x ESC ESC} +\metax{Emacs Lisp Datei lesen und auswerten}{M-x load-file} +\metax{aus Standard Systemverzeichnis laden}{M-x load-library} + +\section{Einfaches Konfigurieren} + +% Das ist nur was fuer Leute die Lisp beherrschen + +Ein Beispiel dafuer, wie man Tastenkombinationen definiert: + +\beginexample% +(global-set-key "\\C-cg" 'goto-line) +(global-set-key "\\C-x\\C-k" 'kill-region) +(global-set-key "\\M-\#" 'query-replace-regexp) +\endexample + +So weist man in Emacs Lisp einer Variablen Werte zu: + +\beginexample% +(setq backup-by-copying-when-linked t) +\endexample + +\section{Selbst Kommandos schreiben} + +\beginexample% +(defun \ (\) + "\" + (interactive "\