derived from sh and rc. The indentation style is customizeable, and
sh-script can attempt to "learn" the current buffer's style.
+** Emacs now attempts to determine the initial language environment
+and preferred and locale coding systems systematically from the
+LC_ALL, LC_CTYPE, and LANG environment variables during startup.
+
** New language environments `Latin-8' and `Latin-9'.
These correspond respectively to the ISO character sets 8859-14
(Celtic) and 8859-15 (updated Latin-1, with the Euro sign). There is
When you add a new item, please add it without either +++ or ---
so I will know I still need to look at it -- rms.
+** New functions and variables for locales.
+
+The new variable `locale-coding-system' specifies how to encode and
+decode strings passed to low-level message functions like strerror and
+time functions like strftime. The new variables `messages-locale' and
+`time-locale' give the system locales to be used during the next
+invocations of these two types of functions; the new variables
+`previous-messages-locale' and `previous-time-locale' give the locales
+most recently used.
+
+The new function `set-locale-environment' sets the language
+environment, preferred coding system, and locale coding system from
+the system locale as specified by the LC_ALL, LC_CTYPE, and LANG
+environment variables. It is normally invoked during startup. It
+uses the new variables `locale-language-names',
+`locale-charset-language-names', and `locale-preferred-coding-systems'
+to make its decisions.
+
** syntax tables now understand nested comments.
To declare a comment syntax as allowing nesting, just add an `n'
modifier to either of the characters of the comment end and the comment
@cindex encoding of characters
@cindex Chinese
+@cindex Cyrillic
@cindex Devanagari
@cindex Hindi
@cindex Marathi
-@cindex Ethiopian
+@cindex Ethiopic
@cindex Greek
+@cindex Hebrew
@cindex IPA
@cindex Japanese
@cindex Korean
@cindex Lao
-@cindex Russian
@cindex Thai
@cindex Tibetan
@cindex Vietnamese
Emacs supports a wide variety of international character sets,
including European variants of the Latin alphabet, as well as Chinese,
-Devanagari (Hindi and Marathi), Ethiopian, Greek, IPA, Japanese, Korean,
-Lao, Russian, Thai, Tibetan, and Vietnamese scripts. These features
+Cyrillic, Devanagari (Hindi and Marathi), Ethiopic, Greek, Hebrew, IPA,
+Japanese, Korean, Lao, Thai, Tibetan, and Vietnamese scripts. These features
have been merged from the modified version of Emacs known as MULE (for
``MULti-lingual Enhancement to GNU Emacs'')
Each language environment also specifies a default input method.
@findex set-language-environment
- The way to select a language environment is with the command @kbd{M-x
+@vindex current-language-environment
+ To select a language environment, customize the option
+@code{current-language-environment} or use the command @kbd{M-x
set-language-environment}. It makes no difference which buffer is
current when you use this command, because the effects apply globally to
the Emacs session. The supported language environments include:
@quotation
-Chinese-BIG5, Chinese-CNS, Chinese-GB, Cyrillic-Alternativnyj,
-Cyrillic-ISO, Cyrillic-KOI8, Devanagari, English, Ethiopic, Greek,
-Hebrew, Japanese, Korean, Lao, Latin-1, Latin-2, Latin-3, Latin-4,
-Latin-5, Thai, Tibetan, and Vietnamese.
+Chinese-BIG5, Chinese-CNS, Chinese-GB, Cyrillic-ALT, Cyrillic-ISO,
+Cyrillic-KOI8, Czech, Devanagari, English, Ethiopic, German, Greek,
+Hebrew, IPA, Japanese, Korean, Lao, Latin-1, Latin-2, Latin-3,
+Latin-4, Latin-5, Latin-8, Latin-9, Romanian, Slovak, Slovenian, Thai,
+Tibetan, Turkish, and Vietnamese.
@end quotation
+@findex set-locale-environment
+@vindex locale-language-names
+@vindex locale-charset-language-names
Some operating systems let you specify the language you are using by
-setting locale environment variables. Emacs handles one common special
-case of this: if your locale name for character types contains the
-string @samp{8859-@var{n}}, Emacs automatically selects the
-corresponding language environment.
+setting the locale environment variables @env{LC_ALL}, @env{LC_CTYPE},
+and @env{LANG}; the first of these which is nonempty specifies your
+locale. Emacs handles this during startup by invoking the
+@code{set-locale-environment} function, which matches your locale
+against entries in the value of the variable
+@code{locale-language-names} and selects the corresponding language
+environment if a match is found. But if your locale also matches an
+entry in the variable @code{locale-charset-language-names}, this entry
+is preferred if its character set disagrees. For example, suppose the
+locale @samp{en_GB.ISO8859-15} matches @code{"Latin-1"} in
+@code{locale-language-names} and @code{"Latin-9"} in
+@code{locale-charset-language-names}; since these two language
+environments' character sets disagree, Emacs uses @code{"Latin-9"}.
+
+@findex set-locale-environment
+@vindex locale-preferred-coding-systems
+ The @code{set-locale-environment} function normally uses the preferred
+coding system established by the language environment to decode system
+messages. But if your locale matches an entry in the variable
+@code{locale-preferred-coding-systems}, Emacs uses the corresponding
+coding system instead. For example, if the locale @samp{ja_JP.PCK}
+matches @code{japanese-shift-jis} in
+@code{locale-preferred-coding-systems}, Emacs uses that encoding even
+though it might normally use @code{japanese-iso-8bit}.
+
+ The environment chosen from the locale when Emacs starts is
+overidden by any explicit use of the command
+@code{set-language-environment} or customization of
+@code{current-language-environment} in your init file.
@kindex C-h L
@findex describe-language-environment
name, or it may get an error. If such a problem happens, use @kbd{C-x
C-w} to specify a new file name for that buffer.
+@vindex locale-coding-system
+ The variable @code{locale-coding-system} specifies a coding system to
+use when encoding and decoding system strings such as system error
+messages and @code{format-time-string} formats and time stamps. This
+coding system should be compatible with the underlying system's coding
+system, which is normally specified by the first environment variable in
+the list @env{LC_ALL}, @env{LC_CTYPE}, @env{LANG} whose value is
+nonempty.
+
@node Fontsets
@section Fontsets
@cindex fontsets
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