@item C-M-j
Break the current line at point and set up a continuation line
(@code{fortran-split-line}).
+
@item M-^
Join this line to the previous line (@code{fortran-join-line}).
+
@item C-M-q
Indent all the lines of the subprogram that point is in
(@code{fortran-indent-subprogram}).
+
@item M-q
Fill a comment block or statement (using @code{fortran-fill-paragraph}
or @code{fortran-fill-statement}).
@kindex M-^ @r{(Fortran mode)}
@kindex C-c C-d @r{(Fortran mode)}
@findex fortran-join-line
- @kbd{M-^} or @kbd{C-c C-d} runs the command @code{fortran-join-line},
+ @kbd{M-^} or @kbd{C-c C-d} run the command @code{fortran-join-line},
which joins a continuation line back to the previous line, roughly as
the inverse of @code{fortran-split-line}. The point must be on a
continuation line when this command is invoked.
If the first non-space character on a line is in column 5, then that
line is a continuation of the previous line. We call this @dfn{fixed
form}. (In GNU Emacs we always count columns from 0; but note that
-the Fortran standard counts from 1.) The variable
+the Fortran standard counts from 1. You can customize the variable
+@code{column-number-indicator-zero-based} to make the column display
+Fortran-like; @pxref{Optional Mode Line}.) The variable
@code{fortran-continuation-string} specifies what character to put in
column 5. A line that starts with a tab character followed by any digit
except @samp{0} is also a continuation line. We call this style of
If the text on a line starts with the Fortran continuation marker
@samp{$}, or if it begins with any non-whitespace character in column
5, Fortran mode treats it as a continuation line. When you indent a
-continuation line with @key{TAB}, it converts the line to the current
-continuation style. When you split a Fortran statement with
-@kbd{C-M-j}, the continuation marker on the newline is created according
-to the continuation style.
+continuation line with @kbd{@key{TAB}}, it converts the line to the
+current continuation style. When you split a Fortran statement with
+@kbd{C-M-j}, the continuation marker on the newline is created
+according to the continuation style.
The setting of continuation style affects several other aspects of
editing in Fortran mode. In fixed form mode, the minimum column
If a number is the first non-whitespace in the line, Fortran
indentation assumes it is a line number and moves it to columns 0
-through 4. (Columns always count from 0 in Emacs.)
+through 4. (Columns always count from 0 in Emacs, but setting
+@code{column-number-indicator-zero-based} to @code{nil} can change
+that, @pxref{Optional Mode Line}.)
@vindex fortran-line-number-indent
Line numbers of four digits or less are normally indented one space.
Extra indentation for bodies of continuation lines (default 5).
@item fortran-check-all-num-for-matching-do
-In Fortran 77, a numbered @samp{do} statement is ended by any statement
+In Fortran 77, a numbered @samp{do} statement is terminated by any statement
with a matching line number. It is common (but not compulsory) to use a
@samp{continue} statement for this purpose. If this variable has a
non-@code{nil} value, indenting any numbered statement must check for a
@code{nil} (the default).
@item fortran-blink-matching-if
-If this is @code{t}, indenting an @samp{endif} (or @samp{enddo}
+If this is @code{t}, indenting an @samp{endif} (or @samp{enddo})
statement moves the cursor momentarily to the matching @samp{if} (or
@samp{do}) statement to show where it is. The default is @code{nil}.
When a new comment must be inserted, if the current line is blank, a
full-line comment is inserted. On a non-blank line, a nonstandard @samp{!}
-comment is inserted if you have said you want to use them. Otherwise a
+comment is inserted if you have said you want to use them. Otherwise, a
full-line comment is inserted on a new line before the current line.
Nonstandard @samp{!} comments are aligned like comments in other
The normal Emacs comment command @kbd{C-x ;} (@code{comment-set-column})
has not been redefined. If you use @samp{!} comments, this command
-can be used with them. Otherwise it is useless in Fortran mode.
+can be used with them. Otherwise, it is useless in Fortran mode.
@kindex C-c ; @r{(Fortran mode)}
@findex fortran-comment-region
when they become too wide. Splitting a statement involves making
continuation lines using @code{fortran-continuation-string}
(@pxref{ForIndent Cont}). This splitting happens when you type
-@key{SPC}, @key{RET}, or @key{TAB}, and also in the Fortran
-indentation commands. You activate Auto Fill in Fortran mode in the
-normal way.
+@kbd{@key{SPC}}, @kbd{@key{RET}}, or @kbd{@key{TAB}}, and also in the
+Fortran indentation commands. You activate Auto Fill in Fortran mode
+in the normal way.
@iftex
@xref{Auto Fill,,, emacs, the Emacs Manual}.
@end iftex
@item C-c C-r
Display a column ruler momentarily above the current line
(@code{fortran-column-ruler}).
+
@item C-c C-w
Split the current window horizontally temporarily so that it is
@code{fortran-line-length} columns wide
(@code{fortran-window-create-momentarily}). This may help you avoid
making lines longer than the limit imposed by your Fortran compiler.
+
@item C-u C-c C-w
Split the current window horizontally so that it is
@code{fortran-line-length} columns wide (@code{fortran-window-create}).
You can then continue editing.
+
@item M-x fortran-strip-sequence-nos
Delete all text in column @code{fortran-line-length} and beyond.
@end table
numbers, and curly brackets show the limits of the columns for the
statement body. Column numbers appear above them.
- Note that the column numbers count from zero, as always in GNU Emacs.
+ Note that the column numbers count from zero, as always in GNU Emacs
+(but customizing @code{column-number-indicator-zero-based} can change
+column display to match that of Fortran; @pxref{Optional Mode Line}).
As a result, the numbers may be one less than those you are familiar
with; but the positions they indicate in the line are standard for
Fortran.
@cindex Awk mode
Emacs has programming language modes for Lisp, Scheme, the
Scheme-based DSSSL expression language, Ada, ASM, AWK, C, C++,
-Fortran, Icon, IDL (CORBA), IDLWAVE, Java, Javascript, Metafont
-(@TeX{}'s companion for font creation), Modula2, Object Pascal,
-Objective-C, Octave, Pascal, Perl, Pike, PostScript, Prolog, Python,
-Ruby, Simula, SQL, Tcl, Verilog, and VHDL@. An alternative mode for
-Perl is called CPerl mode. Modes are also available for the scripting
-languages of the common GNU and Unix shells, and MS-DOS/MS-Windows
-@samp{BAT} files, and for makefiles, DNS master files, and various
-sorts of configuration files.
+Fortran, Icon, IDL (CORBA), IDLWAVE, Java, Javascript, M4, Makefiles,
+Metafont (@TeX{}'s companion for font creation), Modula2, Object
+Pascal, Objective-C, Octave, Pascal, Perl, Pike, PostScript, Prolog,
+Python, Ruby, Simula, SQL, Tcl, Verilog, and VHDL@. An alternative
+mode for Perl is called CPerl mode. Modes are also available for the
+scripting languages of the common GNU and Unix shells, and
+MS-DOS/MS-Windows @samp{BAT} files, and for makefiles, DNS master
+files, and various sorts of configuration files.
Ideally, Emacs should have a major mode for each programming
language that you might want to edit. If it doesn't have a mode for
aesthetic purposes), the lines below will follow it.
The indentation commands for most programming language modes assume
-that a open-parenthesis, open-brace or other opening delimiter at the
+that an open-parenthesis, open-brace or other opening delimiter at the
left margin is the start of a function. If the code you are editing
violates this assumption---even if the delimiters occur in strings or
comments---you must set @code{open-paren-in-column-0-is-defun-start}
comments. For example, in Lisp code, comments starting with two
semicolons are indented as if they were lines of code, while those
starting with three semicolons are supposed to be aligned to the left
-margin and are often used for sectioning purposes. Emacs understand
+margin and are often used for sectioning purposes. Emacs understands
these conventions; for instance, typing @kbd{@key{TAB}} on a comment
line will indent the comment to the appropriate position.
Insert or realign comment on current line; if the region is active,
comment or uncomment the region instead (@code{comment-dwim}).
@item @kbd{C-x C-;}
-Comment or uncomment the current line (@code{comment-line}).
+Comment or uncomment the current line (@code{comment-line}). If the
+region is active, comment or uncomment the lines in the region
+instead.
@item @kbd{C-u M-;}
Kill comment on current line (@code{comment-kill}).
@item @kbd{C-x ;}
this command is bound to @kbd{C-c C-c}. The command @kbd{M-x
uncomment-region} uncomments each line in the region; a numeric prefix
argument specifies the number of comment delimiters to remove
-(negative arguments specify the number of comment to delimiters to
-add).
+(negative arguments specify the number of comment delimiters to add).
For C-like modes, you can configure the exact effect of @kbd{M-;} by
setting the variables @code{c-indent-comment-alist} and
various major modes. The function is called with no arguments, but with
point at the beginning of the comment, or at the end of a line if a new
comment is to be inserted. It should return the column in which the
-comment ought to start. For example, the default hook function bases
-its decision on how many comment characters begin an existing comment.
+comment ought to start. For example, the default function bases its
+decision on how many comment characters begin an existing comment.
Emacs also tries to align comments on adjacent lines. To override
this, the function may return a cons of two (possibly equal) integers
the C Library Manual. The command only works if the appropriate
manual's Info files are installed.
- The major mode determines where to look for documentation for the
-symbol---which Info files to look in, and which indices to search.
-You can also use @kbd{M-x info-lookup-file} to look for documentation
-for a file name.
+ Emacs determines where to look for documentation for the
+symbol---which Info files to look in, and which indices to
+search---based on the major mode. You can also use @kbd{M-x
+info-lookup-file} to look for documentation for a file name.
If you use @kbd{C-h S} in a major mode that does not support it,
it asks you to specify the symbol help mode. You should enter
pops up a window with possible candidates asking you to choose one of
them.
+ Note that @kbd{M-x woman} doesn't yet support the latest features of
+modern man pages, so we recommend using @kbd{M-x man} if that is
+available on your system.
+
For more information about setting up and using @kbd{M-x woman}, see
@ifinfo
@ref{Top, WoMan, Browse UN*X Manual Pages WithOut Man, woman, The
@item C-c @@ C-M-s
@itemx C-c @@ C-a
Show all blocks in the buffer (@code{hs-show-all}).
-@item C-c @@ C-l
+@item C-u @var{n} C-c @@ C-l
Hide all blocks @var{n} levels below this block
(@code{hs-hide-level}).
@end table
When Semantic mode is enabled, Emacs automatically attempts to
parse each file you visit. Currently, Semantic understands C, C++,
-Scheme, Javascript, Java, HTML, and Make. Within each parsed buffer,
-the following commands are available:
+Javascript, Java, HTML, Make, Python, Scheme, SRecode, and Texinfo.
+Within each parsed buffer, the following commands are available:
@table @kbd
@item C-c , j
@kindex C-c , SPC
Display a list of possible completions for the symbol at point
(@code{semantic-complete-analyze-inline}). This also activates a set
-of special key bindings for choosing a completion: @key{RET} accepts
-the current completion, @kbd{M-n} and @kbd{M-p} cycle through possible
-completions, @key{TAB} completes as far as possible and then cycles,
-and @kbd{C-g} or any other key aborts completion.
+of special key bindings for choosing a completion: @kbd{@key{RET}}
+accepts the current completion, @kbd{M-n} and @kbd{M-p} cycle through
+possible completions, @kbd{@key{TAB}} completes as far as possible and
+then cycles, and @kbd{C-g} or any other key aborts completion.
@item C-c , l
@kindex C-c , l
programs are useful for that nonetheless.
The Emacs commands that operate on words, sentences and paragraphs
-are useful for editing code. Most symbols names contain words
+are useful for editing code. Most symbol names contain words
(@pxref{Words}), while sentences can be found in strings and comments
(@pxref{Sentences}). As for paragraphs, they are defined in most
programming language modes to begin and end at blank lines
You might find electric indentation inconvenient if you are editing
chaotically indented code. If you are new to CC Mode, you might find
it disconcerting. You can toggle electric action with the command
-@kbd{C-c C-l}; when it is enabled, @samp{/l} appears in the mode line
-after the mode name:
+@kbd{C-c C-l}; when it is enabled, @samp{/@var{c}l} appears in the
+mode line after the mode name (where @var{c}, if present, is @samp{*}
+or @samp{/}):
@table @kbd
@item C-c C-l
Electric characters insert newlines only when, in addition to the
electric state, the @dfn{auto-newline} feature is enabled (indicated
-by @samp{/la} in the mode line after the mode name). You can turn
-this feature on or off with the command @kbd{C-c C-a}:
+by @samp{/@var{c}la} in the mode line after the mode name). You can
+turn this feature on or off with the command @kbd{C-c C-a}:
@table @kbd
@item C-c C-a
@end table
As an alternative to the above commands, you can enable @dfn{hungry
-delete mode}. When this feature is enabled (indicated by @samp{/h} in
-the mode line after the mode name), a single @key{DEL} deletes all
-preceding whitespace, not just one space, and a single @kbd{C-d}
-(but @emph{not} plain @key{Delete}) deletes all following whitespace.
+delete mode}. When this feature is enabled (indicated by @samp{h}
+after a @samp{/} in the mode line after the mode name), a single
+@kbd{@key{DEL}} deletes all preceding whitespace, not just one space,
+and a single @kbd{C-d} (but @emph{not} plain @kbd{@key{Delete}})
+deletes all following whitespace.
@table @kbd
@item M-x c-toggle-hungry-state
@findex c-context-line-break
This command inserts a line break and indents the new line in a manner
appropriate to the context. In normal code, it does the work of
-@key{RET} (@code{newline}), in a C preprocessor line it additionally
+@kbd{@key{RET}} (@code{newline}), in a C preprocessor line it additionally
inserts a @samp{\} at the line break, and within comments it's like
@kbd{M-j} (@code{c-indent-new-comment-line}).
@code{c-context-line-break} isn't bound to a key by default, but it
needs a binding to be useful. The following code will bind it to
-@key{RET}. We use @code{c-initialization-hook} here to make sure
-the keymap is loaded before we try to change it.
+@kbd{@key{RET}}. We use @code{c-initialization-hook} here to make
+sure the keymap is loaded before we try to change it.
@example
(defun my-bind-clb ()
@item @key{TAB}
@code{tab-to-tab-stop}.
@c FIXME: Maybe this should be consistent with other programming modes.
+
@item C-j
Insert a newline and then indent using @code{tab-to-tab-stop}.
+
@item :
Insert a colon and then remove the indentation from before the label
preceding colon. Then do @code{tab-to-tab-stop}.
+
@item ;
Insert or align a comment.
@end table
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