and choosing a window for it.
* Choosing Window:: How to choose a window for displaying a buffer.
* Dedicated Windows:: How to avoid displaying another buffer in
- a specific window.
+ a specific window.
* Window Point:: Each window has its own location of point.
* Window Start and End:: Buffer positions indicating which text is
on-screen in a window.
represents that screen area in Emacs Lisp. It should be
clear from the context which is meant.
- Emacs groups windows into frames, @xref{Frames}. A frame represents
-an area of screen available for Emacs to use. Each frame always
-contains at least one window, but you can subdivide it vertically or
-horizontally into multiple, nonoverlapping Emacs windows.
+ Emacs groups windows into frames, see @ref{Frames}. A frame
+represents an area of screen available for Emacs to use. Each frame
+always contains at least one window, but you can subdivide it
+vertically or horizontally into multiple, nonoverlapping Emacs
+windows.
In each frame, at any time, one and only one window is designated as
@dfn{selected within the frame}. The frame's cursor appears in that
window, but the other windows have ``non-selected'' cursors, normally
-less visible. (@pxref{Cursor Parameters}, for customizing this.) At
+less visible. (@xref{Cursor Parameters}, for customizing this.) At
any time, one frame is the selected frame; and the window selected
within that frame is @dfn{the selected window}. The selected window's
buffer is usually the current buffer (except when @code{set-buffer} has
-been used), @xref{Current Buffer}.
+been used), see @ref{Current Buffer}.
For practical purposes, a window exists only while it is displayed in
a frame. Once removed from the frame, the window is effectively deleted
and should not be used, @emph{even though there may still be references
-to it} from other Lisp objects, @xref{Deleting Windows}. Restoring a
+to it} from other Lisp objects, see @ref{Deleting Windows}. Restoring a
saved window configuration is the only way for a window no longer on the
-screen to come back to life, @xref{Window Configurations}.
+screen to come back to life, see @ref{Window Configurations}.
@cindex multiple windows
Users create multiple windows so they can look at several buffers at
@end smallexample
Normally, Emacs indicates the border between two side-by-side windows
-with a scroll bar, @xref{Scroll Bars}, or @samp{|} characters. The
-display table can specify alternative border characters; @xref{Display
+with a scroll bar (@pxref{Scroll Bars}), or with @samp{|} characters. The
+display table can specify alternative border characters; see @ref{Display
Tables}.
@end deffn
(@pxref{Window Configurations}). Restoring a window configuration also
deletes any windows that aren't part of that configuration.
- When you delete a window, the space it took up is given to one
-adjacent window.
+ When you delete a window, the space it took up is given to one of
+its sibling windows adjacent to it.
@c Emacs 19 feature
@defun window-live-p window
@defun select-window window &optional norecord
This function makes @var{window} the selected window. The cursor then
-appears in @var{window} (on redisplay). Unless @var{window} was already
-selected, @code{select-window} makes @var{window}'s buffer the current
-buffer. The return value is @var{window}.
+appears in @var{window} (after redisplay). Unless @var{window} was
+already selected, @code{select-window} makes @var{window}'s buffer the
+current buffer. The return value is @var{window}.
Normally, @var{window}'s selected buffer is moved to the front of the
buffer list (@pxref{The Buffer List}) and @var{window} becomes the most
current buffer. It returns the value of the last form in @var{forms}.
This macro does not save or restore anything about the sizes,
-arrangement or contents of windows; therefore, if the @var{forms} change
+arrangement or contents of windows; therefore, if @var{forms} change
them, the change persists. If the previously selected window of some
frame is no longer live at the time of exit from @var{forms}, that
frame's selected window is left alone. If the previously selected
restores the previously selected window and current buffer. The ordering
of recently selected windows and the buffer list remain unchanged unless
you deliberately change them within @var{forms}, for example, by calling
-@code{select-window} with argument @var{norecord} nil or omitted there.
+@code{select-window} with argument @var{norecord} @code{nil} or omitted
+there.
@end defmac
@cindex finding windows
window until it is selected. A minibuffer window is never a candidate.
A dedicated window (@pxref{Dedicated Windows}) is never a candidate
unless the @var{dedicated} argument is non-@code{nil}, so if all
-existing windows are dedicated, the value is @code{nil}.
+existing windows are dedicated, the function returns @code{nil}.
The argument @var{frame} specifies which windows are considered.
with the most lines. A minibuffer window is never a candidate. A
dedicated window (@pxref{Dedicated Windows}) is never a candidate unless
the @var{dedicated} argument is non-@code{nil}, so if all existing
-windows are dedicated, the value is @code{nil}.
+windows are dedicated, the function returns @code{nil}.
If there are two candidate windows of the same size, this function
-prefers the one that comes first in the cyclic ordering of windows
+prefers the one that comes first in the cyclic ordering of windows,
starting from the selected window (@pxref{Cyclic Window Ordering}).
The argument @var{frame} specifies which set of windows to consider, see
is included in the window order. Normally, when @var{minibuf} is
@code{nil}, the minibuffer is included only if it is currently
``active''; this matches the behavior of @kbd{C-x o}. (The minibuffer
-window is active while the minibuffer is in use, @xref{Minibuffers}.)
+window is active while the minibuffer is in use, see @ref{Minibuffers}.)
If @var{minibuf} is @code{t}, the cyclic ordering includes the
minibuffer window even if it is not active. If @var{minibuf} is neither
@defun window-list &optional frame minibuf window
This function returns a list of all windows on @var{frame}, starting
with @var{window}. @var{frame} defaults to the selected frame;
-@var{window} to the selected window.
+@var{window} defaults to the selected window.
The value of @var{minibuf} specifies if the minibuffer window shall be
included in the result list. If @var{minibuf} is @code{t}, the result
Normally, displaying @var{buffer-or-name} in @var{window} resets the
window's position, display margins, fringe widths, and scroll bar
-settings, to values based on the local variables of that buffer.
+settings based on the local variables of that buffer.
However, if @var{keep-margins} is non-@code{nil}, display margins and
fringe widths of @var{window} remain unchanged. @xref{Fringes}.
see the buffer and subsequent keyboard commands will apply to it.
Contrast this with @code{set-buffer}, which makes @var{buffer-or-name}
the current buffer but does not display it in the selected window,
-@xref{Current Buffer}.
+see @ref{Current Buffer}.
If @var{buffer-or-name} is @code{nil}, @code{switch-to-buffer} chooses a
buffer using @code{other-buffer}. If @var{buffer-or-name} is a string
that does not identify an existing buffer, then a new buffer by that
name is created. The major mode for the new buffer is set according to
-the variable @code{default-major-mode}, @xref{Auto Major Mode}.
+the variable @code{default-major-mode}, see @ref{Auto Major Mode}.
When @code{enable-recursive-minibuffers} is non-@code{nil} and the
selected window is either the minibuffer window or is dedicated to its
This command makes @var{buffer-or-name} the current buffer and switches
to it in some window, preferably not the window previously selected.
The ``popped-to'' window becomes the selected window. Its frame is
-given the X server's focus, if possible, @xref{Input Focus}. The return
+given the X server's focus, if possible, see @ref{Input Focus}. The return
value is the buffer that was switched to.
If @var{buffer-or-name} is @code{nil}, that means to choose some other
If the variable @code{pop-up-windows} is non-@code{nil}, windows may be
split to create a new window that is different from the original window.
-For details, @xref{Choosing Window}.
+For details, see @ref{Choosing Window}.
If @var{other-window} is non-@code{nil}, @code{pop-to-buffer} finds or
creates another window even if @var{buffer-or-name} is already visible
This section describes the basic facility that chooses a window to
display a buffer in---@code{display-buffer}. Higher-level functions and
-commands like @code{switch-to-buffer} and @code{pop-to-buffer} use this
+commands, like @code{switch-to-buffer} and @code{pop-to-buffer}, use this
subroutine. Here we describe how to use @code{display-buffer} and how
to customize it.
buffer and @code{nil} otherwise. More precisely, the return value is
the value assigned by the last call of @code{set-window-dedicated-p} for
@var{window} or @code{nil} if that function was never called with
-@var{WINDOW} as its argument. @var{WINDOW} defaults to the selected
+@var{window} as its argument. @var{window} defaults to the selected
window.
@end defun
If there are various other windows from which lines or columns can be
stolen, and some of them specify fixed size (using
@code{window-size-fixed}, see below), they are left untouched while
-other windows are ``robbed''. If it would be necessary to alter the
+other windows are ``robbed.'' If it would be necessary to alter the
size of a fixed-size window, @code{enlarge-window} gets an error
instead.
@end defopt
@cindex balancing window sizes
-Emacs provides two functions to balance windows, that means, to even out
+Emacs provides two functions to balance windows, that is, to even out
the sizes of windows on the same frame. The minibuffer window and
fixed-size windows are not resized by these functions.
@var{window-or-frame} specifies a window, it balances this window and
its ``siblings'' only. Think of a sibling as the other (original or
new) window with respect to the present one, involved in the process of
-splitting, @xref{Splitting Windows}. Since a sibling may have been
+splitting, see @ref{Splitting Windows}. Since a sibling may have been
split again, a window can have more than one sibling.
@end deffn
@deffn Command balance-windows-area
This function attempts to give all windows on the selected frame
-approximately the same share of the screen area. This means, that
+approximately the same share of the screen area. This means that
full-width or full-height windows are not given more space than other
windows.
@end deffn
of @code{minibuffer-scroll-window}. As a special exception, the window
configuration does not record the value of point in the selected window
for the current buffer. Also, the window configuration does not record
-the values of window parameters, @xref{Window Parameters}.
+the values of window parameters, see @ref{Window Parameters}.
- You can bring back an entire frame layout by restoring a window
-configuration previously saved. If you want to record the layout of all
+ You can bring back an entire frame layout by restoring a previously
+saved window configuration. If you want to record the layout of all
frames instead of just one, use a frame configuration instead of a
-window configuration, @xref{Frame Configurations}.
+window configuration, see @ref{Frame Configurations}.
@defun current-window-configuration &optional frame
This function returns a new object representing @var{frame}'s current
setting for @var{parameter}, this function returns @code{nil}.
@end defun
-@defun window-parameters &optional window
+@defun window-parameters &optional window
This function returns all parameters of @var{window} and their values.
@var{window} defaults to the selected window. The return value is an
-association list of elements of the form (@var{parameter}
-. @var{value}).
+association list of elements of the form @code{(@var{parameter}
+. @var{value})}.
@end defun
@defun set-window-parameter window parameter value
any change of a parameter introduced via @code{set-window-parameter} can
be undone only by invoking @code{set-window-parameter} for the same
parameter again. Since @code{save-window-excursion} relies on window
-configurations, window parameters are not saved and restored by that
-special form either, @xref{Window Configurations}.
+configurations (@pxref{Window Configurations}), window parameters are
+not saved and restored by that special form, either.
@node Window Hooks
@section Hooks for Window Scrolling and Changes
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