The initial options specify parameters for the Emacs session. This
section describes the more general initial options; some other options
-specifically related to X Windows appear in the following sections.
+specifically related to the X Window System appear in the following
+sections.
Some initial options affect the loading of init files. The normal
actions of Emacs are to first load @file{site-start.el} if it exists,
@node Display X
@appendixsec Specifying the Display Name
-@cindex display name (X Windows)
+@cindex display name (X Window System)
@cindex @env{DISPLAY} environment variable
The environment variable @env{DISPLAY} tells all X clients, including
@node Font X
@appendixsec Font Specification Options
-@cindex font name (X Windows)
+@cindex font name (X Window System)
By default, Emacs displays text in the font named @samp{9x15}, which
makes each character nine pixels wide and fifteen pixels high. You can
@node Colors X
@appendixsec Window Color Options
-@cindex color of window (X Windows)
+@cindex color of window (X Window System)
@cindex text colors, from command line
@findex list-colors-display
@node Window Size X
@appendixsec Options for Window Geometry
-@cindex geometry (X Windows)
+@cindex geometry (X Window System)
The @samp{-geometry} option controls the size and position of the
initial Emacs frame. Here is the format for specifying the window
@node Borders X
@appendixsec Internal and External Borders
-@cindex borders (X Windows)
+@cindex borders (X Window System)
An Emacs frame has an internal border and an external border. The
internal border is an extra strip of the background color around all
@node Icons X
@appendixsec Icons
-@cindex icons (X Windows)
+@cindex icons (X Window System)
Most window managers allow the user to ``iconify'' a frame, removing
it from sight, and leaving a small, distinctive ``icon'' window in its
But the Emacs character set has room for control variants of all
printing characters, and for distinguishing between @kbd{C-a} and
-@kbd{C-A}. X Windows makes it possible to enter all these characters.
-For example, @kbd{C--} (that's Control-Minus) and @kbd{C-5} are
-meaningful Emacs commands under X.
+@kbd{C-A}. The X Window System makes it possible to enter all these
+characters. For example, @kbd{C--} (that's Control-Minus) and @kbd{C-5}
+are meaningful Emacs commands under X.
Another Emacs character-set extension is additional modifier bits.
Only one modifier bit is commonly used; it is called Meta. Every
would type @kbd{@key{ESC} C-a}. @key{ESC} is allowed on terminals with
@key{META} keys, too, in case you have formed a habit of using it.
- X Windows provides several other modifier keys that can be applied to
-any input character. These are called @key{SUPER}, @key{HYPER} and
-@key{ALT}. We write @samp{s-}, @samp{H-} and @samp{A-} to say that a
-character uses these modifiers. Thus, @kbd{s-H-C-x} is short for
-@kbd{Super-Hyper-Control-x}. Not all X terminals actually provide keys
-for these modifier flags---in fact, many terminals have a key labeled
-@key{ALT} which is really a @key{META} key. The standard key bindings
-of Emacs do not include any characters with these modifiers. But you
-can assign them meanings of your own by customizing Emacs.
+ The X Window System provides several other modifier keys that can be
+applied to any input character. These are called @key{SUPER},
+@key{HYPER} and @key{ALT}. We write @samp{s-}, @samp{H-} and @samp{A-}
+to say that a character uses these modifiers. Thus, @kbd{s-H-C-x} is
+short for @kbd{Super-Hyper-Control-x}. Not all X terminals actually
+provide keys for these modifier flags---in fact, many terminals have a
+key labeled @key{ALT} which is really a @key{META} key. The standard
+key bindings of Emacs do not include any characters with these
+modifiers. But you can assign them meanings of your own by customizing
+Emacs.
Keyboard input includes keyboard keys that are not characters at all:
for example function keys and arrow keys. Mouse buttons are also
@end table
These names are conventional, but some systems (especially when using
-X windows) may use different names. To make certain what symbol is used
-for a given function key on your terminal, type @kbd{C-h c} followed by
-that key.
+X) may use different names. To make certain what symbol is used for a
+given function key on your terminal, type @kbd{C-h c} followed by that
+key.
A key sequence which contains function key symbols (or anything but
ASCII characters) must be a vector rather than a string. The vector
@end example
@node Turning the volume down, Automatic indentation, Turning off beeping, Common requests
-@section How do I turn down the bell volume in Emacs running under X Windows?
+@section How do I turn down the bell volume in Emacs running under X?
@cindex Bell, volume of
@cindex Volume of bell
@node Forcing Emacs to iconify itself, Using regular expressions, Forcing the cursor to remain in the same column, Common requests
@section How do I tell Emacs to iconify itself?
-@cindex Iconification under X Windows
-@cindex X Windows and iconification
+@cindex Iconification under the X Window System
+@cindex X Window System and iconification
@cindex Suspending Emacs
-@kbd{C-z} iconifies Emacs when running under X Windows and suspends Emacs
+@kbd{C-z} iconifies Emacs when running under X and suspends Emacs
otherwise. @inforef{Misc X, Misc X, emacs}.
@node Using regular expressions, Replacing text across multiple files, Forcing Emacs to iconify itself, Common requests
narrowing the time window when hostile users would have access, but
@emph{does not eliminate the risk}.
-On most computers running Unix and X Windows, you enable and disable
+On most computers running Unix and X, you enable and disable
access using the @code{xhost} command. To allow all hosts access to
your X server, use
Emacs (i.e., the version distributed by the FSF) has a larger installed
base and now always contains the MULE multilingual facilities.
-XEmacs can do some clever tricks with X Windows, such as
+XEmacs can do some clever tricks with X and MS-Windows, such as
putting arbitrary graphics in a buffer. Similar facilities have been
implemented for Emacs as part of a new redisplay implementation for
Emacs 21, and are available in the latest Emacs releases.
@file{lisp/startup.el} file.
@node Using function keys under X, Working with function and arrow keys, Terminal setup code works after Emacs has begun, Key bindings
-@section How do I use function keys under X Windows?
+@section How do I use function keys under X?
@cindex Function keys
-@cindex X Windows and function keys
+@cindex X Window System and function keys
@cindex Binding function keys
With Emacs 19, functions keys under X are bound like any other key. @xref{Binding keys to commands}, for details.
@section Multiple Displays
@cindex multiple displays
- A single Emacs can talk to more than one X Windows display.
-Initially, Emacs uses just one display---the one specified with the
-@env{DISPLAY} environment variable or with the @samp{--display} option
-(@pxref{Initial Options}). To connect to another display, use the
-command @code{make-frame-on-display}:
+ A single Emacs can talk to more than one X display. Initially, Emacs
+uses just one display---the one specified with the @env{DISPLAY}
+environment variable or with the @samp{--display} option (@pxref{Initial
+Options}). To connect to another display, use the command
+@code{make-frame-on-display}:
@findex make-frame-on-display
@table @kbd
Gnus has a home World Wide Web page at@*
@file{http://www.ifi.uio.no/~larsi/ding.html}.
-Gnus has a write up in the X Windows Applications FAQ at@*
+Gnus has a write up in the X Applications FAQ at@*
@file{http://www.ee.ryerson.ca:8080/~elf/xapps/Q-III.html}.
The Gnus manual is also available on the World Wide Web. The canonical
@cindex Windows clipboard support
Emacs built for MS-DOS supports clipboard operations when it runs on
Windows. Commands that put text on the kill ring, or yank text from the
-ring, check the Windows clipboard first, just as Emacs does on X Windows
-(@pxref{Mouse Commands}). Only the primary selection and the cut buffer
-are supported by MS-DOS Emacs on Windows; the secondary selection always
-appears as empty.
+ring, check the Windows clipboard first, just as Emacs does on the X
+Window System (@pxref{Mouse Commands}). Only the primary selection and
+the cut buffer are supported by MS-DOS Emacs on Windows; the secondary
+selection always appears as empty.
Due to the way clipboard access is implemented by Windows, the
length of text you can put into the clipboard is limited by the amount
Each DOS codepage is identified by a 3-digit number, such as 850, 862,
etc.
- In contrast to X Windows, which lets you use several fonts at the same
-time, MS-DOS doesn't allow use of several codepages in a single session.
+ In contrast to X, which lets you use several fonts at the same time,
+MS-DOS doesn't allow use of several codepages in a single session.
Instead, MS-DOS loads a single codepage at system startup, and you must
reboot MS-DOS to change it@footnote{Normally, one particular codepage is
burnt into the display memory, while other codepages can be installed by
@section Fontsets
@cindex fontsets
- A font for X Windows typically defines shapes for one alphabet or
-script. Therefore, displaying the entire range of scripts that Emacs
-supports requires a collection of many fonts. In Emacs, such a
-collection is called a @dfn{fontset}. A fontset is defined by a list of
-fonts, each assigned to handle a range of character codes.
+ A font for X typically defines shapes for one alphabet or script.
+Therefore, displaying the entire range of scripts that Emacs supports
+requires a collection of many fonts. In Emacs, such a collection is
+called a @dfn{fontset}. A fontset is defined by a list of fonts, each
+assigned to handle a range of character codes.
Each fontset has a name, like a font. The available X fonts are
defined by the X server; fontsets, however, are defined within Emacs
If the symptom of the bug is that Emacs fails to respond, don't assume
Emacs is ``hung''---it may instead be in an infinite loop. To find out
which, make the problem happen under GDB and stop Emacs once it is not
-responding. (If Emacs is using X Windows directly, you can stop Emacs
-by typing @kbd{C-z} at the GDB job.) Then try stepping with
-@samp{step}. If Emacs is hung, the @samp{step} command won't return.
-If it is looping, @samp{step} will return.
+responding. (If Emacs is using X directly, you can stop Emacs by typing
+@kbd{C-z} at the GDB job.) Then try stepping with @samp{step}. If
+Emacs is hung, the @samp{step} command won't return. If it is looping,
+@samp{step} will return.
If this shows Emacs is hung in a system call, stop it again and examine
the arguments of the call. In your bug report, state exactly where in
For users who chose to set their user level to 1 at Viper setup time,
switching to Emacs state is deliberately made harder in order to not
-confuse the novice user. In this case, @kbd{C-z} will either iconify Emacs
-(if Emacs runs as an application under X Windows) or it will stop Emacs (if
-Emacs runs on a dumb terminal or in an Xterm window).
+confuse the novice user. In this case, @kbd{C-z} will either iconify
+Emacs (if Emacs runs as an application under X) or it will stop Emacs
+(if Emacs runs on a dumb terminal or in an Xterm window).
@item Vi state
This is the Vi command mode. Any of the Vi commands, such as @kbd{i, o, a},
You can find out the preferred form of a key by typing @kbd{M-x
describe-key-briefly} and then typing the key you want to know about.
-Under X Windows, every keyboard key emits its preferred form, so you can
-just type
+Under the X Window System, every keyboard key emits its preferred form,
+so you can just type
@lisp
(global-set-key [f11] 'calendar) ; L1, Stop
will provide information on the major mode in effect. If Help is not
enabled, you can still get help in Vi state by prefixing the above commands
with @kbd{\}, e.g., @kbd{\ C-h k} (or you can use the Help menu in the
-menu bar, if Emacs runs under X Windows).
+menu bar, if Emacs runs under X).
Viper users can also change bindings on a per major mode basis. As with
global bindings, this can be done separately for each of the three main Viper
cursor shows the location of point in this window. Each other window
has a location of point as well, but since the terminal has only one
cursor there is no way to show where those locations are. When multiple
-frames are visible in X Windows, each frame has a cursor which appears
-in the frame's selected window. The cursor in the selected frame is
-solid; the cursor in other frames is a hollow box.
+frames are visible in X, each frame has a cursor which appears in the
+frame's selected window. The cursor in the selected frame is solid; the
+cursor in other frames is a hollow box.
Commands to move point affect the value of point for the selected Emacs
window only. They do not change the value of point in any other Emacs
projects / emacs.git / commitdiff