@item @key{RIGHT}
@kindex RIGHT
@findex right-char
-@vindex visual-order-cursor-movement
-@cindex cursor, visual-order motion
-This command (@code{right-char}) behaves like @kbd{C-f}, with one
-exception: when editing right-to-left scripts such as Arabic, it
-instead moves @emph{backward} if the current paragraph is a
-right-to-left paragraph. @xref{Bidirectional Editing}.
-
-If @code{visual-order-cursor-movement} is non-@code{nil}, this command
-moves to the character that is to the right of the current screen
-position, moving to the next or previous screen line as appropriate.
-Note that this might potentially move point many buffer positions
-away, depending on the surrounding bidirectional context.
+This command (@code{right-char}) behaves like @kbd{C-f}, except when
+point is in a right-to-left paragraph (@pxref{Bidirectional Editing}).
@item C-b
@kindex C-b
@item @key{LEFT}
@kindex LEFT
@findex left-char
-This command (@code{left-char}) behaves like @kbd{C-b}, except it
-moves @emph{forward} if the current paragraph is right-to-left.
-@xref{Bidirectional Editing}.
-
-The variable @code{visual-order-cursor-movement} affects this like
-@key{RIGHT}, but moving left instead of right on the screen.
+This command (@code{left-char}) behaves like @kbd{C-b}, except if the
+current paragraph is right-to-left (@pxref{Bidirectional Editing}).
@item C-n
@itemx @key{DOWN}
remains fixed while compilation output is added at the end of the
buffer.
- While compilation proceeds, the mode line is updated to show the
-number of errors, warnings, and informational messages that have been
-seen so far.
+ While compilation proceeds, the mode line shows the number of
+errors, warnings, and informational messages emitted by the compiler
+so far.
@cindex compilation buffer, keeping point at end
@vindex compilation-scroll-output
can find the corresponding lines in the original files using @w{@kbd{C-x
`}}, @key{RET}, and so forth, just like compilation errors.
- As with compilation commands (@pxref{Compilation}), while the grep
-command runs, the mode line is updated to show the number of matches
-that have been seen so far.
-
Some grep programs accept a @samp{--color} option to output special
markers around matches for the purpose of highlighting. You can make
use of this feature by setting @code{grep-highlight-matches} to
@code{t}. When displaying a match in the source buffer, the exact
match will be highlighted, instead of the entire source line.
+ As with compilation commands (@pxref{Compilation}), while the grep
+command runs, the mode line shows the running number of matches found
+and highlighted so far.
+
The @command{grep} commands will offer to save buffers before
running. This is controlled by the @code{grep-save-buffers} variable.
The possible values are either @code{nil} (don't save), @code{ask}
@node Title X
@appendixsec Frame Titles
- An Emacs frame may or may not have a specified title. The frame
-title, if specified, appears in window decorations and icons as the
-name of the frame. If an Emacs frame has no specified title, the
-default title has the form @samp{@var{invocation-name}@@@var{machine}}
-(if there is only one frame) or the selected window's buffer name (if
-there is more than one frame).
-
- You can specify a title for the initial Emacs frame with a command
-line option:
+ Each Emacs frame always has a title, which appears in window
+decorations and icons as the name of the frame. The default title is
+of the form @samp{@var{invocation-name}@@@var{machine}} (if there is
+only one frame) or shows the selected window's buffer name (if there
+is more than one frame).
+
+ You can specify a non-default title for the initial Emacs frame with
+a command line option:
@table @samp
@item -T @var{title}
@node Menu Mouse Clicks
@section Mouse Clicks for Menus
- Several mouse clicks with the @key{CTRL} and @key{SHIFT} modifiers
+ Several mouse clicks with the @key{Ctrl} and @key{SHIFT} modifiers
bring up menus.
@table @kbd
When the mark is active, we call the region an active region.
@xref{Mark}.
-@item Alt
+@item @key{Alt}
Alt is the name of a modifier bit that a keyboard input character may
have. To make a character Alt, type it while holding down the @key{Alt}
key. Such characters are given names that start with @kbd{@key{Alt}-}
@item Byte Compilation
@xref{Glossary---Compilation}.
-@item c.f.
-@itemx cf.
+@item cf.
+@itemx c.f.
Short for ``confer'' in Latin, which means ``compare with'' or
-``compare to''.
+``compare to''. The second variant, ``c.f.'', is a widespread
+misspelling.
@anchor{Glossary---C-}
@item @kbd{C-}
@item Character Folding
Character folding means ignoring differences between similarly looking
-characters, such as between @code{a}, and @code{@:a} and @code{@'a}.
+characters, such as between @code{a}, and @code{@"a} and @code{@'a}.
Emacs performs character folding by default in text search. @xref{Lax
Search}.
@xref{Coding Systems}.
@item Command
-A command is a Lisp function specially defined to be able to serve as a
-key binding in Emacs. When you type a key sequence (q.v.), its
-binding (q.v.@:) is looked up in the relevant keymaps (q.v.@:) to find
-the command to run. @xref{Commands}.
+A command is a Lisp function specially defined to be able to serve as
+a key binding in Emacs or to be invoked by its name
+(@pxref{Glossary---Command Name}). When you type a key sequence
+(q.v.), its binding (q.v.@:) is looked up in the relevant keymaps
+(q.v.@:) to find the command to run. @xref{Commands}.
@item Command History
@xref{Glossary---Minibuffer History}.
+@anchor{Glossary---Command Name}
@item Command Name
A command name is the name of a Lisp symbol that is a command
(@pxref{Commands}). You can invoke any command by its name using
code. Emacs has commands for compiling files of Emacs Lisp code
(@pxref{Byte Compilation,,, elisp, the Emacs Lisp
Reference Manual}) and programs in C and other languages
-(@pxref{Compilation}).
+(@pxref{Compilation}). Byte-compiled Emacs Lisp code loads and
+executes faster.
@item Complete Key
A complete key is a key sequence that fully specifies one action to be
@xref{Locals}.
@item @kbd{M-}
-@kbd{M-} in the name of a character is an abbreviation for @key{Meta},
+@kbd{M-} in the name of a character is an abbreviation for @key{META},
one of the modifier keys that can accompany any character.
@xref{User Input,M-}.
@item Meta
Meta is the name of a modifier bit which you can use in a command
-character. To enter a meta character, you hold down the @key{Meta}
+character. To enter a meta character, you hold down the @key{META}
key while typing the character. We refer to such characters with
names that start with @kbd{Meta-} (usually written @kbd{M-} for
-short). For example, @kbd{M-<} is typed by holding down @key{Meta}
+short). For example, @kbd{M-<} is typed by holding down @key{META}
and at the same time typing @kbd{<} (which itself is done, on most
terminals, by holding down @key{SHIFT} and typing @kbd{,}).
@xref{User Input,Meta}.
-On some terminals, the @key{Meta} key is actually labeled @key{Alt}
+On some terminals, the @key{META} key is actually labeled @key{Alt}
or @key{Edit}.
@item Meta Character
A recursive editing level is a state in which part of the execution of
a command involves asking you to edit some text. This text may
or may not be the same as the text to which the command was applied.
-The mode line indicates recursive editing levels with square brackets
-(@samp{[} and @samp{]}). @xref{Recursive Edit}.
+The mode line (q.v.@:) indicates recursive editing levels with square
+brackets (@samp{[} and @samp{]}). @xref{Recursive Edit}.
@item Redisplay
Redisplay is the process of correcting the image on the screen to
@item Remote File
A remote file is a file that is stored on a system other than your own.
Emacs can access files on other computers provided that they are
-connected to the same network as your machine, and (obviously) that
+reachable from your machine over the network, and (obviously) that
you have a supported method to gain access to those files.
@xref{Remote Files}.
read in the minibuffer (q.v.). @xref{User Input,Return}.
@item Reverting
-Reverting means returning to the original state. Emacs lets you
-revert a buffer by re-reading its file from disk. @xref{Reverting}.
+Reverting means returning to the original state. For example, Emacs
+lets you revert a buffer by re-reading its file from disk.
+@xref{Reverting}.
@c Seems too obvious, also there is nothing special about the format
@c these days.
@xref{Bugs}.
@item Text
+
``Text'' has two meanings (@pxref{Text}):
@itemize @bullet
numbers, executable programs, and the like. The basic contents of an
Emacs buffer (aside from the text properties, q.v.@:) are always text
in this sense.
+
@item
Data consisting of written human language (as opposed to programs),
or following the stylistic conventions of human language.
@item Whitespace
Whitespace is any run of consecutive formatting characters (space,
-tab, newline, and backspace).
+tab, newline, backspace, etc.).
@item Widening
Widening is removing any restriction (q.v.@:) on the current buffer;
@node Mac / GNUstep Basics
@section Basic Emacs usage under macOS and GNUstep
- By default, the @key{alt} and @key{option} keys are the same as
-@key{Meta}. The Mac @key{Cmd} key is the same as @key{Super}, and
+ By default, the @key{Alt} and @key{Option} keys are the same as
+@key{META}. The Mac @key{Cmd} key is the same as @key{Super}, and
Emacs provides a set of key bindings using this modifier key that mimic
other Mac / GNUstep applications (@pxref{Mac / GNUstep Events}). You
can change these bindings in the usual way (@pxref{Key Bindings}).
@vindex ns-alternate-modifier
@vindex ns-right-alternate-modifier
The variable @code{ns-right-alternate-modifier} controls the
-behavior of the right @key{alt} and @key{option} keys. These keys
+behavior of the right @key{Alt} and @key{Option} keys. These keys
behave like the left-hand keys if the value is @code{left} (the
default). A value of @code{control}, @code{meta}, @code{alt},
@code{super}, or @code{hyper} makes them behave like the corresponding
@vindex delete-active-region
As described in @ref{Erasing}, the @key{DEL}
-(@code{backward-delete-char}) and @key{delete}
+(@code{backward-delete-char}) and @key{Delete}
(@code{delete-forward-char}) commands also act this way. If the mark
is active, they delete the text in the region. (As an exception, if
you supply a numeric argument @var{n}, where @var{n} is not one, these
@vindex dos-super-key
@vindex dos-hyper-key
The PC keyboard maps use the left @key{Alt} key as the @key{META} key.
-You have two choices for emulating the @key{SUPER} and @key{HYPER} keys:
+You have two choices for emulating the @key{SUPER} and @key{Hyper} keys:
choose either the right @key{Ctrl} key or the right @key{Alt} key by
setting the variables @code{dos-hyper-key} and @code{dos-super-key} to 1
or 2 respectively. If neither @code{dos-super-key} nor
variants). However, if you set the variable
@code{w32-capslock-is-shiftlock} to a non-@code{nil} value, the
@key{CapsLock} key will affect non-character keys as well, as if you
-pressed the @key{Shift} key while typing the non-character key.
+pressed the @key{SHIFT} key while typing the non-character key.
@vindex w32-enable-caps-lock
If the variable @code{w32-enable-caps-lock} is set to a @code{nil}
Similarly, a highlighted region covering a contiguous range of
character positions may look discontinuous if the region spans
reordered text. This is normal and similar to the behavior of other
-programs that support bidirectional text. If you set
-@code{visual-order-cursor-movement} to a non-@code{nil} value, cursor
-motion by the arrow keys follows the visual order on screen
-(@pxref{Moving Point, visual-order movement}).
+programs that support bidirectional text.
+
+@kindex RIGHT@r{, and bidirectional text}
+@kindex LEFT@r{, and bidirectional text}
+@findex right-char@r{, and bidirectional text}
+@findex left-char@r{, and bidirectional text}
+ Cursor motion commands bound to arrow keys, such as @key{LEFT} and
+@kbd{C-@key{RIGHT}}, are sensitive to the base direction of the
+current paragraph. In a left-to-right paragraph, commands bound to
+@key{RIGHT} with or without modifiers move @emph{forward} through
+buffer text, but in a right-to-left paragraph they move
+@emph{backward} instead. This reflects the fact that in a
+right-to-left paragraph buffer positions predominantly increase when
+moving to the left on display.
+
+ When you move out of a paragraph, the meaning of the arrow keys
+might change if the base direction of the preceding or the following
+paragraph is different from the paragraph out of which you moved.
+When that happens, you need to adjust the arrow key you press to the
+new base direction.
+
+@vindex visual-order-cursor-movement
+@cindex cursor, visual-order motion
+ By default, @key{LEFT} and @key{RIGHT} move in the logical order,
+but if @code{visual-order-cursor-movement} is non-@code{nil}, these
+commands move to the character that is, correspondingly, to the left
+or right of the current screen position, moving to the next or
+previous screen line as appropriate. Note that this might potentially
+move point many buffer positions away, depending on the surrounding
+bidirectional context.
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