as soon as you direct your keyboard input to the Emacs frame.
@vindex initial-major-mode
- When Emacs starts up, it makes a buffer named @samp{*scratch*}.
+ When Emacs starts up, it creates a buffer named @samp{*scratch*}.
That's the buffer you start out in. The @samp{*scratch*} buffer uses Lisp
Interaction mode; you can use it to type Lisp expressions and evaluate
them, or you can ignore that capability and simply doodle. (You can
dedicated X windows, @kbd{C-z} has a different meaning. Suspending an
application that uses its own X windows is not meaningful or useful.
Instead, @kbd{C-z} runs the command @code{iconify-or-deiconify-frame},
-which temporarily closes up the selected Emacs frame (@pxref{Frames}).
-The way to get back to a shell window is with the window manager.
+which temporarily iconifies (or ``minimizes'') the selected Emacs
+frame (@pxref{Frames}). Then you can use the window manager to get
+back to a shell window.
@kindex C-x C-c
@findex save-buffers-kill-emacs
- To kill Emacs, type @kbd{C-x C-c} (@code{save-buffers-kill-emacs}). A
-two-character key is used for this to make it harder to type. This
-command first offers to save any modified file-visiting buffers. If you
-do not save them all, it asks for reconfirmation with @kbd{yes} before
-killing Emacs, since any changes not saved will be lost forever. Also,
-if any subprocesses are still running, @kbd{C-x C-c} asks for
-confirmation about them, since killing Emacs will kill the subprocesses
-immediately.
+ To exit and kill Emacs, type @kbd{C-x C-c}
+(@code{save-buffers-kill-emacs}). A two-character key is used for
+this to make it harder to type by accident. This command first offers
+to save any modified file-visiting buffers. If you do not save them
+all, it asks for reconfirmation with @kbd{yes} before killing Emacs,
+since any changes not saved will be lost forever. Also, if any
+subprocesses are still running, @kbd{C-x C-c} asks for confirmation
+about them, since killing Emacs will also kill the subprocesses.
@vindex confirm-kill-emacs
If the value of the variable @code{confirm-kill-emacs} is
function @code{yes-or-no-p}. The default value of
@code{confirm-kill-emacs} is @code{nil}.
- There is no way to restart an Emacs session once you have killed it.
+ There is no way to resume an Emacs session once you have killed it.
You can, however, arrange for Emacs to record certain session
-information, such as which files are visited, when you kill it, so that
-the next time you restart Emacs it will try to visit the same files and
+information when you kill it, such as which files are visited, so that
+the next time you start Emacs it will try to visit the same files and
so on. @xref{Saving Emacs Sessions}.
The operating system usually listens for certain special characters
the line with the newline, which would be useless, @kbd{C-t} transposes the
last two characters on the line. So, if you catch your transposition error
right away, you can fix it with just a @kbd{C-t}. If you don't catch it so
-fast, you must move the cursor back to between the two transposed
-characters. If you transposed a space with the last character of the word
-before it, the word motion commands are a good way of getting there.
-Otherwise, a reverse search (@kbd{C-r}) is often the best way.
-@xref{Search}.
-
+fast, you must move the cursor back between the two transposed
+characters before you type @kbd{C-t}. If you transposed a space with
+the last character of the word before it, the word motion commands are
+a good way of getting there. Otherwise, a reverse search (@kbd{C-r})
+is often the best way. @xref{Search}.
@kindex C-x C-t
@findex transpose-lines
To check the entire current buffer, use @kbd{M-x ispell-buffer}. Use
@kbd{M-x ispell-region} to check just the current region. To check
spelling in an email message you are writing, use @kbd{M-x
-ispell-message}; that checks the whole buffer, but does not check
+ispell-message}; that command checks the whole buffer, except for
material that is indented or appears to be cited from other messages.
@findex ispell
Each time these commands encounter an incorrect word, they ask you
what to do. They display a list of alternatives, usually including
several ``near-misses''---words that are close to the word being
-checked. Then you must type a character. Here are the valid responses:
+checked. Then you must type a single-character response. Here are
+the valid responses:
@table @kbd
@item @key{SPC}
@item i
Insert this word in your private dictionary file so that Ispell will
-consider it correct it from now on, even in future sessions.
+consider it correct from now on, even in future sessions.
@item u
Insert the lower-case version of this word in your private dic@-tion@-ary
@item l @var{word} @key{RET}
Look in the dictionary for words that match @var{word}. These words
-become the new list of ``near-misses''; you can select one of them to
-replace with by typing a digit. You can use @samp{*} in @var{word} as a
+become the new list of ``near-misses''; you can select one of them as
+the replacement by typing a digit. You can use @samp{*} in @var{word} as a
wildcard.
@item C-g
@kbd{C-x r s @var{r}} stores a copy of the text of the region into
the register named @var{r}. @kbd{C-u C-x r s @var{r}}, the same
command with a numeric argument, deletes the text from the buffer as
-well.
+well; you can think of this as ``moving'' the region text into the register.
@kbd{C-x r i @var{r}} inserts in the buffer the text from register
@var{r}. Normally it leaves point before the text and places the mark
To display a list of all your bookmarks in a separate buffer, type
@kbd{C-x r l} (@code{list-bookmarks}). If you switch to that buffer,
you can use it to edit your bookmark definitions or annotate the
-bookmarks. Type @kbd{C-h m} in that buffer for more information about
-its special editing commands.
+bookmarks. Type @kbd{C-h m} in the bookmark buffer for more
+information about its special editing commands.
When you kill Emacs, Emacs offers to save your bookmark values in your
default bookmark file, @file{~/.emacs.bmk}, if you have changed any
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