@section Scrolling in the Calendar
@cindex scrolling in the calendar
- The calendar display scrolls automatically through time when you move out
-of the visible portion. You can also scroll it manually. Imagine that the
-calendar window contains a long strip of paper with the months on it.
-Scrolling it means moving the strip so that new months become visible in
-the window.
+ The calendar display scrolls automatically through time when you
+move out of the visible portion. You can also scroll it manually.
+Imagine that the calendar window contains a long strip of paper with
+the months on it. Scrolling the calendar means moving the strip
+horizontally, so that new months become visible in the window.
@table @kbd
@item C-x <
@cindex appointment notification
If you have a diary entry for an appointment, and that diary entry
-begins with a recognizable time of day, Emacs can warn you, several
-minutes beforehand, that that appointment is pending. Emacs alerts you
+begins with a recognizable time of day, Emacs can warn you several
+minutes beforehand that that appointment is pending. Emacs alerts you
to the appointment by displaying a message in the mode line.
@vindex diary-hook
Most options specify how to initialize Emacs, or set parameters for
the Emacs session. We call them @dfn{initial options}. A few options
specify things to do: for example, load libraries, call functions, or
-exit Emacs. These are called @dfn{action options}. These and file
+terminate Emacs. These are called @dfn{action options}. These and file
names together are called @dfn{action arguments}. Emacs processes all
the action arguments in the order they are written.
@item +@var{linenum}:@var{columnnum} @var{file}
@opindex +@var{linenum}:@var{columnnum}
Visit @var{file} using @code{find-file}, then go to line number
-@var{linenum} in it, and move to column number @var{columnnum}.
+@var{linenum} and put point at column number @var{columnnum}.
@need 3000
@item -l @var{file}
or @samp{-f} option will be used as well, to invoke a Lisp program
to do the batch processing.
-@samp{-batch} implies @samp{-q} (do not load an init file). It also causes
-Emacs to kill itself after all command options have been processed. In
-addition, auto-saving is not done except in buffers for which it has been
-explicitly requested.
+@samp{-batch} implies @samp{-q} (do not load an init file). It also
+causes Emacs to exit after processing all the command options. In
+addition, it disables auto-saving except in buffers for which it has
+been explicitly requested.
@item -q
@opindex -q
inside Emacs.
@cindex background mode, on @code{xterm}
@item TERM
-The type of the terminal that Emacs is using. The variable must be
+The type of the terminal that Emacs is using. This variable must be
set unless Emacs is run in batch mode. On MS-DOS, it defaults to
@samp{internal}, which specifies a built-in terminal emulation that
handles the machine's own display. If the value of @env{TERM} indicates
@menu
* Enter: Dired Enter. How to invoke Dired.
-* Navigation: Dired Navigation. How to move in the Dired buffer.
+* Navigation: Dired Navigation. Special motion commands in the Dired buffer.
* Deletion: Dired Deletion. Deleting files with Dired.
* Flagging Many Files:: Flagging files based on their names.
* Visit: Dired Visiting. Other file operations through Dired.
@cindex flagging files (in Dired)
@cindex deleting files (in Dired)
- One of the most frequent uses of Dired is to @dfn{flag} files for
-deletion and then delete the files previously flagged.
+ One of the most frequent uses of Dired is to first @dfn{flag} files for
+deletion, then delete the files that were flagged.
@table @kbd
@item d
@kindex ~ @r{(Dired)}
@findex dired-flag-backup-files
@kbd{~} (@code{dired-flag-backup-files}) flags for deletion all files
-whose names say they are backup files (@pxref{Backup})---that is, whose
-names end in @samp{~}.
+whose names say they are backup files (@pxref{Backup})---that is, files
+whose names end in @samp{~}.
@kindex . @r{(Dired)}
@vindex dired-kept-versions
specifying the face or faces to use for it. The style of display used
for any given character is determined by combining the attributes of
all the applicable faces specified for that character. Any attribute
-that isn't specified by these faces is taken from the default face,
+that isn't specified by these faces is taken from the @code{default} face,
whose attributes reflect the default settings of the frame itself.
Enriched mode, the mode for editing formatted text, includes several
@vindex font-lock-beginning-of-syntax-function
Comment and string fontification (or ``syntactic'' fontification)
relies on analysis of the syntactic structure of the buffer text. For
-the purposes of speed, some modes, including C mode and Lisp mode,
+the sake of speed, some modes, including C mode and Lisp mode,
rely on a special convention: an open-parenthesis or open-brace in the
leftmost column always defines the @w{beginning} of a defun, and is
thus always outside any string or comment. (@xref{Left Margin
was in the text that scrolled off the top, it ends up at the new top
of the window.
- @kbd{M-v} (@code{scroll-down}) with no argument scrolls backward
-similarly with overlap. The number of lines of overlap across a
-@kbd{C-v} or @kbd{M-v} is controlled by the variable
+ @kbd{M-v} (@code{scroll-down}) with no argument scrolls backward in
+a similar way, also with overlap. The number of lines of overlap
+across a @kbd{C-v} or @kbd{M-v} is controlled by the variable
@code{next-screen-context-lines}; by default, it is 2. The function
keys @key{NEXT} and @key{PRIOR}, or @key{PAGEDOWN} and @key{PAGEUP},
are equivalent to @kbd{C-v} and @kbd{M-v}.
@kbd{C-M-t} (@code{transpose-sexps}) is a similar command for
transposing two expressions (@pxref{Expressions}), and @kbd{C-x C-t}
(@code{transpose-lines}) exchanges lines. They work like @kbd{M-t}
-except in determining the division of the text into syntactic units.
+except as regards what units of text they transpose.
A numeric argument to a transpose command serves as a repeat count: it
tells the transpose command to move the character (word, expression, line)
@item Balance Parentheses
Emacs can balance parentheses (or other matching delimiters) either
-manually or automatically. Manual balancing is done by the commands
+manually or automatically. You do manual balancing with the commands
to move over parenthetical groupings (@pxref{Moving by Parens}).
-Automatic balancing is done by blinking or highlighting the delimiter
+Automatic balancing works by blinking or highlighting the delimiter
that matches the one you just inserted (@pxref{Matching,,Matching
Parens}).
@item Balanced Expressions
A balanced expression is a syntactically recognizable expression, such
-as a symbol, number, string constant, block, parenthesized expression
+as a symbol, number, string constant, block, or parenthesized expression
in C. @xref{Expressions,Balanced Expressions}.
@item Balloon Help
@item Defun
A defun is a major definition at the top level in a program. The name
-comes from Lisp, where most such definitions use the construct
+`defun' comes from Lisp, where most such definitions use the construct
@code{defun}. @xref{Defuns}.
@item @key{DEL}
more newlines in addition to self-insertion.
@item End Of Line
-End of line is a character or characters which signal the end of a text
-line. On GNU and Unix systems, this is a newline (q.v.@:), but other
-systems have other conventions. @xref{Coding Systems,end-of-line}.
-Emacs can recognize several end-of-line conventions in files and convert
-between them.
+End of line is a character or a sequence of characters that indicate
+the end of a text line. On GNU and Unix systems, this is a newline
+(q.v.@:), but other systems have other conventions. @xref{Coding
+Systems,end-of-line}. Emacs can recognize several end-of-line
+conventions in files and convert between them.
@item Environment Variable
An environment variable is one of a collection of variables stored by
@item Simultaneous Editing
Simultaneous editing means two users modifying the same file at once.
Simultaneous editing, if not detected, can cause one user to lose his
-work. Emacs detects all cases of simultaneous editing and warns one
-of the users to investigate.
+or her work. Emacs detects all cases of simultaneous editing, and
+warns one of the users to investigate.
@xref{Interlocking,Interlocking,Simultaneous Editing}.
@item Speedbar
@cindex searching documentation efficiently
@cindex looking for a subject in documentation
If you are looking for a certain feature, but don't know where
-exactly it is documented, and aren't even sure of the name of the
+exactly it is documented, and aren't sure of the name of a
related command or option, we recommend trying these methods. Usually
it is best to start with an apropos command, then try searching the
manual index, then finally look in the FAQ and the package keywords.
@table @kbd
@item C-h a @var{topic} @key{RET}
This searches for commands whose names match @var{topic}, which should
-be a regular expression (@pxref{Regexps}). Browse the buffer popped
-up by Emacs to find what you are looking for. @xref{Apropos}.
+be a regular expression (@pxref{Regexps}). Browse the buffer that this
+command displays to find what you are looking for. @xref{Apropos}.
@item M-x apropos @key{RET} @var{topic} @key{RET}
This works like @kbd{C-h a}, but it also searches for user options and
@item C-h I @var{method} @key{RET}
Describe an input method (@code{describe-input-method}).
@item C-h L @var{language-env} @key{RET}
-Display information on the character sets, coding systems and input
+Display information on the character sets, coding systems, and input
methods used for language environment @var{language-env}
(@code{describe-language-environment}).
@item C-h C-c
@cindex tooltips
@cindex balloon help
-When a region of text is ``active,'' so that you can select it with
+ When a region of text is ``active,'' so that you can select it with
the mouse or a key like @kbd{RET}, it often has associated help text.
Areas of the mode line are examples. This help will normally be
printed in the echo area when you move point into the active text. In
ring}, from which it can be retrieved by @dfn{yanking} it. Some systems
use the terms ``cutting'' and ``pasting'' for these operations.
- The commonest way of moving or copying text within Emacs is to kill it
+ The most common way of moving or copying text within Emacs is to kill it
and later yank it elsewhere in one or more places. This is very safe
because Emacs remembers several recent kills, not just the last one. It
is versatile, because the many commands for killing syntactic units can
keys normally do the right things. But in some unusual cases Emacs
gets the wrong information from the system. If these keys don't do
what they ought to do, you need to tell Emacs which key to use for
-@key{DEL}. @xref{DEL Gets Help}, for how to do this.
+@key{DEL}. @xref{DEL Doesn't Delete}, for how to do this.
@findex normal-erase-is-backspace-mode
On most text-only terminals, Emacs cannot tell which keys the
fit your keyboard. The uniform plan is that the ASCII @key{DEL}
character deletes, and the ASCII @key{BS} (backspace) character asks
for help (it is the same as @kbd{C-h}). If this is not right for your
-keyboard, i.e.@: if you find that the key which ought to delete backwards
-enters Help instead, see @ref{DEL Gets Help}.
+keyboard, such as if you find that the key which ought to delete backwards
+enters Help instead, see @ref{DEL Doesn't Delete}.
@kindex M-\
@findex delete-horizontal-space
yank'' pointer remains at the same place in the kill ring, so repeating
@kbd{C-y} will yank another copy of the same previous kill.
- If you know how many @kbd{M-y} commands it would take to find the text
-you want, you can yank that text in one step using @kbd{C-y} with a
-numeric argument. @kbd{C-y} with an argument restores the text the
-specified number of entries back in the kill ring. Thus, @kbd{C-u 2
-C-y} gets the next-to-the-last block of killed text. It is equivalent
-to @kbd{C-y M-y}. @kbd{C-y} with a numeric argument starts counting
-from the ``last yank'' pointer, and sets the ``last yank'' pointer to
-the entry that it yanks.
+ If you know how many @kbd{M-y} commands it would take to find the
+text you want, you can yank that text in one step using @kbd{C-y} with
+a numeric argument. @kbd{C-y} with an argument restores the text from
+the specified kill ring entry, counting back from the most recent as
+1. Thus, @kbd{C-u 2 C-y} gets the next-to-the-last block of killed
+text---it is equivalent to @kbd{C-y M-y}. @kbd{C-y} with a numeric
+argument starts counting from the ``last yank'' pointer, and sets the
+``last yank'' pointer to the entry that it yanks.
@vindex kill-ring-max
The length of the kill ring is controlled by the variable
@table @kbd
@item M-x append-to-buffer
-Append region to the contents of specified buffer.
+Append region to the contents of a specified buffer.
@item M-x prepend-to-buffer
-Prepend region to the contents of specified buffer.
+Prepend region to the contents of a specified buffer.
@item M-x copy-to-buffer
Copy region into a specified buffer, deleting that buffer's old contents.
@item M-x insert-buffer
-Insert the contents of specified buffer into current buffer at point.
+Insert the contents of a specified buffer into current buffer at point.
@item M-x append-to-file
-Append region to the contents of specified file, at the end.
+Append region to the contents of a specified file, at the end.
@end table
To accumulate text into a buffer, use @kbd{M-x append-to-buffer}.
To retrieve the accumulated text from another buffer, use the
command @kbd{M-x insert-buffer}; this too takes @var{buffername} as an
argument. It inserts a copy of the whole text in buffer
-@var{buffername} into the selected buffer at point, and sets the mark
+@var{buffername} into the current buffer at point, and sets the mark
after the inserted text. Alternatively, you can select the other
buffer for editing, then copy text from it by killing.
@xref{Buffers}, for background information on buffers.
@xref{Syntax}.
The major modes fall into three major groups. The first group
-contains Lisp mode (which has several variants), C mode, Fortran mode
-and others. These modes are for specific programming languages. The
-second group contains Text mode, Nroff mode, SGML mode, @TeX{} mode
-and Outline mode. These modes are for normal text, plain or marked
-up. The remaining major modes are not intended for use on users'
-files; they are used in buffers created for specific purposes by
-Emacs, such as Dired mode for buffers made by Dired (@pxref{Dired}),
-Mail mode for buffers made by @kbd{C-x m} (@pxref{Sending Mail}), and
-Shell mode for buffers used for communicating with an inferior shell
-process (@pxref{Interactive Shell}).
+contains modes for normal text, either plain or with mark-up. It
+includes Text mode, HTML mode, SGML mode, @TeX{} mode and Outline
+mode. The second group contains modes for specific programming
+languages. These include Lisp mode (which has several variants), C
+mode, Fortran mode, and others. The remaining major modes are not
+intended for use on users' files; they are used in buffers created for
+specific purposes by Emacs, such as Dired mode for buffers made by
+Dired (@pxref{Dired}), Mail mode for buffers made by @kbd{C-x m}
+(@pxref{Sending Mail}), and Shell mode for buffers used for
+communicating with an inferior shell process (@pxref{Interactive
+Shell}).
Most programming-language major modes specify that only blank lines
separate paragraphs. This is to make the paragraph commands useful.
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