Fix sgml-mode handling of quotes within parens (Bug#36347)

Fix sgml-mode handling of quotes within parens (Bug#36347)

* lisp/textmodes/sgml-mode.el (sgml-syntax-propertize): Use
syntax-ppss-table if set.  This is only needed on the release branch,
on master the caller (syntax-propertize) already does this.
(sgml-mode): Set syntax-ppss-table to sgml-tag-syntax-table.  This
correctly classifies parens as punctuation, so they won't confuse the
parser.
* test/lisp/textmodes/sgml-mode-tests.el (sgml-tests--quotes-syntax):
New test copied from master, with two cases added for this bug.