Fix byte compilation of (eq foo 'default)

Fix byte compilation of (eq foo 'default)

Backport from master.
Do not use the symbol ‘default’ as a special marker.
Instead, use a value that cannot appear in the program,
improving on a patch proposed by Robert Cochran (Bug#31718#14).
* lisp/emacs-lisp/bytecomp.el (byte-compile--default-val):
New constant.
(byte-compile-cond-jump-table-info)
(byte-compile-cond-jump-table): Use it instead of 'default.
* test/lisp/emacs-lisp/bytecomp-tests.el:
(byte-opt-testsuite-arith-data): Add a test for the bug.