Avoid some false matches in mark_maybe_pointer

Avoid some false matches in mark_maybe_pointer

This lets Emacs avoid marking some garbage as if it were in use.
On one test platform (RHEL 7.8, Intel Xeon Silver 4116) it
sped up ‘cd lisp; make compile-always’ by a bit over 1%.
* src/alloc.c (live_string_holding, live_cons_holding)
(live_symbol_holding, live_large_vector_holding)
(live_small_vector_holding):
Count only pointers that point to a struct component,
or are a tagged pointer to the start of the struct.
Exception: for non-bool-vector pseudovectors,
count any pointer past the header, since it’s too much
of a pain to write code for every pseudovector.
(live_vector_pointer): New function.