Backtrace after malloc arena is corrupted

Backtrace after malloc arena is corrupted

Without this change, if the malloc arena is corrupted and then
'backtrace' is called, the backtrace can crash because 'backtrace'
calls 'malloc'.  For more, please see:
https://sourceware.org/ml/libc-alpha/2015-02/msg00678.html
* emacs.c (main): Initialize tables used by 'backtrace'.
* sysdep.c (emacs_backtrace): Document the newly used part of the API.