CC Mode: Allow most functions on post-self-insert-hook to be called

CC Mode: Allow most functions on post-self-insert-hook to be called

This contrasts with the previous state where no such functions got called.
This fixes bug #38406.

* lisp/progmodes/cc-cmds.el (c--unsafe-post-self-insert-hook-functions): New
variable.
(c--call-post-self-insert-hook-more-safely-1): New function.
(c--call-post-self-insert-hook-more-safely): New macro.
(c-electric-pound, c-electric-brace, c-electric-slash, c-electric-star)
(c-electric-semi&comma, c-electric-colon, c-electric-lt-gt, c-electric-paren):
Invoke c--call-post-self-insert-hook-more-safely (which calls most of the hook
post-self-insert-hook) at the end of each of the commands.