CC Mode: Fontify args correctly when arglist closing ) is not on the same line

CC Mode: Fontify args correctly when arglist closing ) is not on the same line

This fixes bug #56841.

* lisp/progmodes/cc-engine.el (c-forward-declarator): Fix an off-by-one
comparing the position after a c-forward-name with a limit.

* lisp/progmodes/cc-mode.el (c-fl-decl-end): Handle correctly point starting
inside a literal.  Insert a missing c-backward-syntactic-ws in the handling of
C++ attributes.  Correctly handle an unmatched (.  Better handle point
starting inside a [ or (.  Tidy up the handling of syntactic whitespace at the
end of the buffer.