PATH defaults now act more like GNU and POSIX

PATH defaults now act more like GNU and POSIX

When PATH is unset or empty, use the system default,
to be consistent with GNU/Linux and with POSIX.
If there is no system default do not default to "."
as that can be dangerous.
* src/callproc.c (init_callproc_1, init_callproc):
Default PATH to the null pointer, not the empty string.
* src/emacs.c (default_PATH): New function.
(find_emacs_executable, decode_env_path): Be consistent with POSIX
and with glibc about what to do when PATH is unset or empty.

(cherry picked from commit eb9ec79c13f17d610fcb6de49628b8a7686fbab7)